Science Publishing Group: American Journal of Astronomy and Astrophysics: Table of Contents
<i> American Journal of Astronomy and Astrophysics (AJAA) </i>, a bimonthly international journal in English, is published by Science Publishing Group. It publishes papers on all aspects of astronomy and astrophysics independently of the techniques used to obtain the results. This includes observational and theoretical papers as well as those concerned with the techniques of instrumentation.
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/j/ajaa Science Publishing Group: American Journal of Astronomy and Astrophysics: Table of Contents
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American Journal of Astronomy and Astrophysics
American Journal of Astronomy and Astrophysics
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AGB Stars Migration fom the Central of the Milky Way Galaxy to Our Sun’s Birthplace and Its Relation with Silicon Carbide Grains
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=301&doi=10.11648/j.ajaa.20130101.12
Silicon carbide grains found in meteorites are peculiar in their age and isotopic ratios; they formed before the Sun was born, and their isotopic signature indicates that they come from a different galactic region. This work aims to seek a possible paradigm for such richness and peculiarity through Monte Carlo simulation of scattering of Asymptotic Giant Branch (AGB) stars off molecular cloud. Such approach randomly generates AGB stars in regions close to the Galaxy bulge and examines possibility of migration to outer regions by scattering off molecular cloud. A successful explanation to this problem will influence how we think nuclides were formed and then distributed in the Galaxy and will shed new light unto the age and the chemical evolution of the Milky Way Galaxy. Thus, it is important that we know where do they come from and how do they end up in our backyard?
Silicon carbide grains found in meteorites are peculiar in their age and isotopic ratios; they formed before the Sun was born, and their isotopic signature indicates that they come from a different galactic region. This work aims to seek a possible paradigm for such richness and peculiarity through Monte Carlo simulation of scattering of Asymptotic Giant Branch (AGB) stars off molecular cloud. Such approach randomly generates AGB stars in regions close to the Galaxy bulge and examines possibility of migration to outer regions by scattering off molecular cloud. A successful explanation to this problem will influence how we think nuclides were formed and then distributed in the Galaxy and will shed new light unto the age and the chemical evolution of the Milky Way Galaxy. Thus, it is important that we know where do they come from and how do they end up in our backyard?
AGB Stars Migration fom the Central of the Milky Way Galaxy to Our Sun’s Birthplace and Its Relation with Silicon Carbide Grains
doi:10.11648/j.ajaa.20130101.12
American Journal of Astronomy and Astrophysics
2014-01-01
© Science Publishing Group
Ahmad Hashem Abdelhadi
AGB Stars Migration fom the Central of the Milky Way Galaxy to Our Sun’s Birthplace and Its Relation with Silicon Carbide Grains
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Michelangelo, Copernicus and the Sistine Chapel
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It is argued that Copernican astronomy is a key theme in Michelangelo’s fresco of the Last Judgment in the Sistine Chapel, and was incorporated with the knowledge, consent and approval of the Popes concerned. In Christian art, the iconography of the Last Judgment (depicting the three parts of the universe: heaven earth and hell) was traditionally based on a layered structure relating to perceptions of the flat earth covered by the dome of heaven according to biblical cosmology. In Michelangelo’s revolutionary work, Christ is significantly depicted as a beardless Apollonian sun-god, positioned in the centre of a dramatic circular design rather than at the top of a layered format. This appears to relate to the traditional Christian analogy between the deity and the astronomical feature of the sun, the neoplatonic cult of sun-symbolism and sources in Dante. More importantly, the influence of the Copernican theory of heliocentricity is argued, since interest in such ideas in papal circles is demonstrated at exactly the time of the commission of the painting (1533). This provides important evidence of papal support for Copernican heliocentricity as early as the 1530s.
It is argued that Copernican astronomy is a key theme in Michelangelo’s fresco of the Last Judgment in the Sistine Chapel, and was incorporated with the knowledge, consent and approval of the Popes concerned. In Christian art, the iconography of the Last Judgment (depicting the three parts of the universe: heaven earth and hell) was traditionally based on a layered structure relating to perceptions of the flat earth covered by the dome of heaven according to biblical cosmology. In Michelangelo’s revolutionary work, Christ is significantly depicted as a beardless Apollonian sun-god, positioned in the centre of a dramatic circular design rather than at the top of a layered format. This appears to relate to the traditional Christian analogy between the deity and the astronomical feature of the sun, the neoplatonic cult of sun-symbolism and sources in Dante. More importantly, the influence of the Copernican theory of heliocentricity is argued, since interest in such ideas in papal circles is demonstrated at exactly the time of the commission of the painting (1533). This provides important evidence of papal support for Copernican heliocentricity as early as the 1530s.
Michelangelo, Copernicus and the Sistine Chapel
doi:10.11648/j.ajaa.20130101.11
American Journal of Astronomy and Astrophysics
2014-01-01
© Science Publishing Group
Valerie Shrimplin
Michelangelo, Copernicus and the Sistine Chapel
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The Saturn Rings Origin: Contribution of Electromagnetism (to the Unified Theory of the Origin of Planetary Rings)
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Electromagnetic modeling and experimental data observation for Saturn’s rings points to the conjecture that the particles constituting the rings may be superconductive. We also argue that the rings could be originated from the protoplanetary cloud of particles if particles are superconducting. The rings system emerges some time after the magnetic field of the planet is being formed. For example it can be a result of the interaction of the superconducting carbon doped ice particles of the protoplanetary cloud with the nonuniform magnetic field. After a transition period as 1000 years or more, all Keplerian orbits of the particles form a sombrero disc in the plane of the magnetic equator where there is a minimum of magnetic energy. The gravitational resonances and other interactions also play an important role and they help bringing the order to the system of rings and gaps. Electromagnetism and superconductivity helps us to understand why the rings appear only for planets if they are located outside the asteroid belt that have a magnetic field and where the temperature is low enough, such as Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune. We end up with a unified theory of the formation of planetary rings. The presented model allows enrich the well-known theories that treat gravitational, mechanical, gas-plasma, dusty plasma and magnetohydrodynamic interactions in a consistent way.
Electromagnetic modeling and experimental data observation for Saturn’s rings points to the conjecture that the particles constituting the rings may be superconductive. We also argue that the rings could be originated from the protoplanetary cloud of particles if particles are superconducting. The rings system emerges some time after the magnetic field of the planet is being formed. For example it can be a result of the interaction of the superconducting carbon doped ice particles of the protoplanetary cloud with the nonuniform magnetic field. After a transition period as 1000 years or more, all Keplerian orbits of the particles form a sombrero disc in the plane of the magnetic equator where there is a minimum of magnetic energy. The gravitational resonances and other interactions also play an important role and they help bringing the order to the system of rings and gaps. Electromagnetism and superconductivity helps us to understand why the rings appear only for planets if they are located outside the asteroid belt that have a magnetic field and where the temperature is low enough, such as Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune. We end up with a unified theory of the formation of planetary rings. The presented model allows enrich the well-known theories that treat gravitational, mechanical, gas-plasma, dusty plasma and magnetohydrodynamic interactions in a consistent way.
The Saturn Rings Origin: Contribution of Electromagnetism (to the Unified Theory of the Origin of Planetary Rings)
doi:10.11648/j.ajaa.20130102.11
American Journal of Astronomy and Astrophysics
2014-01-01
© Science Publishing Group
Vladimir V. Cherny (Tchernyi)
The Saturn Rings Origin: Contribution of Electromagnetism (to the Unified Theory of the Origin of Planetary Rings)
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© Science Publishing Group
Natural Theory of Relativity
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I have started this theory by deriving a different time dilation formula in an attempt to make the concepts of relativity more clear. I used the two postulates of special relativity i.e. the speed of light is constant for all inertial observers in free space i.e. vacuum and the same in all directions and the laws of physics are the same in all inertial frames together with the well-known fact that light takes a definite amount of time to travel between two points in space. I have then been able to get rid of the distortion, caused by the characteristics of the speed of light namely its constancy in all directions and the definite amount of time it takes to travel when it brings information from one point to another in space in combination with relative motion, in the form of infinite series terms. The distortion occurs symmetrically in the form of infinite series and leaves no skewness behind when got rid of. If we approximate the distorted value of a physical quantity to the first order, we get a distorted value. If we get rid of the distortion, in the form of infinite series, we get the actual value of the physical quantity. In the course of completing this theory I rejuvenated the concept of relative inertial kinetic energy and introduced relative gravitational acceleration at constant velocity in uniform circular motion. I have also been able to introduce the concept of gravitational shift in the dimensions of matter. My theory is very consistent.
I have started this theory by deriving a different time dilation formula in an attempt to make the concepts of relativity more clear. I used the two postulates of special relativity i.e. the speed of light is constant for all inertial observers in free space i.e. vacuum and the same in all directions and the laws of physics are the same in all inertial frames together with the well-known fact that light takes a definite amount of time to travel between two points in space. I have then been able to get rid of the distortion, caused by the characteristics of the speed of light namely its constancy in all directions and the definite amount of time it takes to travel when it brings information from one point to another in space in combination with relative motion, in the form of infinite series terms. The distortion occurs symmetrically in the form of infinite series and leaves no skewness behind when got rid of. If we approximate the distorted value of a physical quantity to the first order, we get a distorted value. If we get rid of the distortion, in the form of infinite series, we get the actual value of the physical quantity. In the course of completing this theory I rejuvenated the concept of relative inertial kinetic energy and introduced relative gravitational acceleration at constant velocity in uniform circular motion. I have also been able to introduce the concept of gravitational shift in the dimensions of matter. My theory is very consistent.
Natural Theory of Relativity
doi:10.11648/j.ajaa.20130103.11
American Journal of Astronomy and Astrophysics
2014-01-01
© Science Publishing Group
Fayaz Tahir
Natural Theory of Relativity
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© Science Publishing Group
Analytical Model for Charged Polytropic Stars with Van Der Waals Modified Equation of State
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We extend the work of Mafa Takisa and Maharaj (2013) by considering Van der Waals modified equation of state with polytropic exponent for anisotropic matter distribution in the study of a compact relativistic objects. New exact solutions for Einstein-Maxwell equations are generated in terms of elementary functions. The behaviour of physical variables as energy density, charge density and radial pressure is consistent with seminal treatments which suggest relevance in the description of relativistic compact stars.
We extend the work of Mafa Takisa and Maharaj (2013) by considering Van der Waals modified equation of state with polytropic exponent for anisotropic matter distribution in the study of a compact relativistic objects. New exact solutions for Einstein-Maxwell equations are generated in terms of elementary functions. The behaviour of physical variables as energy density, charge density and radial pressure is consistent with seminal treatments which suggest relevance in the description of relativistic compact stars.
Analytical Model for Charged Polytropic Stars with Van Der Waals Modified Equation of State
doi:10.11648/j.ajaa.20130104.11
American Journal of Astronomy and Astrophysics
2014-01-01
© Science Publishing Group
Manuel Malaver
Analytical Model for Charged Polytropic Stars with Van Der Waals Modified Equation of State
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© Science Publishing Group
Basic Interactions in Black Hole Cosmology
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=301&doi=10.11648/j.ajaa.20140201.12
By highlighting the 12 major shortcomings of modern big bang cosmology and reinterpreting the cosmic redshift as a galactic atomic emission phenomenon, the authors made an attempt to develop a possible model of Black hole cosmology in a constructive way. Its validity can be well confirmed from a combined study of cosmological and microscopic physical phenomena. It can be suggested that, there exists one variable physical quantity in the presently believed atomic and nuclear physical constants and “rate of change” in its magnitude can be considered as a “standard measure” of the present “cosmic rate of expansion”. The characteristic nuclear charge radius, inverse of the Fine structure ratio, the characteristic reduced Planck’s constant seem to increase with cosmic time and there will be no change in the magnitude of Planck's constant. At any cosmic time, ’Hubble length’ can be considered as the gravitational or electromagnetic interaction range. With this idea, independent of the reduced Planck’s constant, inverse of the Fine structure ratio can be fitted in a cosmological approach. At any cosmic time, the product of ‘critical density’ and ‘Hubble volume’ gives a characteristic cosmic mass and it can be called as the ‘Hubble mass’. Schwarzschild radius of the ‘Hubble mass’ again matches with the ‘Hubble length’. Most of the cosmologists believe that this is merely a coincidence. Here the authors emphasize the fact that this coincidence is having deep connection with cosmic geometry and the cosmological and microscopic physical phenomena. In this model, forever rotating at light speed, high temperature and high angular velocity small sized primordial cosmic black hole of mass gradually transforms into a low temperature and low angular velocity large sized massive primordial cosmic black hole.
By highlighting the 12 major shortcomings of modern big bang cosmology and reinterpreting the cosmic redshift as a galactic atomic emission phenomenon, the authors made an attempt to develop a possible model of Black hole cosmology in a constructive way. Its validity can be well confirmed from a combined study of cosmological and microscopic physical phenomena. It can be suggested that, there exists one variable physical quantity in the presently believed atomic and nuclear physical constants and “rate of change” in its magnitude can be considered as a “standard measure” of the present “cosmic rate of expansion”. The characteristic nuclear charge radius, inverse of the Fine structure ratio, the characteristic reduced Planck’s constant seem to increase with cosmic time and there will be no change in the magnitude of Planck's constant. At any cosmic time, ’Hubble length’ can be considered as the gravitational or electromagnetic interaction range. With this idea, independent of the reduced Planck’s constant, inverse of the Fine structure ratio can be fitted in a cosmological approach. At any cosmic time, the product of ‘critical density’ and ‘Hubble volume’ gives a characteristic cosmic mass and it can be called as the ‘Hubble mass’. Schwarzschild radius of the ‘Hubble mass’ again matches with the ‘Hubble length’. Most of the cosmologists believe that this is merely a coincidence. Here the authors emphasize the fact that this coincidence is having deep connection with cosmic geometry and the cosmological and microscopic physical phenomena. In this model, forever rotating at light speed, high temperature and high angular velocity small sized primordial cosmic black hole of mass gradually transforms into a low temperature and low angular velocity large sized massive primordial cosmic black hole.
Basic Interactions in Black Hole Cosmology
doi:10.11648/j.ajaa.20140201.12
American Journal of Astronomy and Astrophysics
2014-01-01
© Science Publishing Group
U. V. S. Seshavatharam
S. Lakshminarayana
Basic Interactions in Black Hole Cosmology
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http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=301&doi=10.11648/j.ajaa.20140201.12
© Science Publishing Group
Anisotropic Cosmological Models with MacCallum Parameter
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=301&doi=10.11648/j.ajaa.20140201.11
In this paper, we have presented two anisotropic cosmological models, of which the former being T-model is homogeneous and the latter being non T-model is inhomogeneous. We have constructed formula for all the physical and kinematical quantities and established relations among them. Equations of state are constructed. Both these solutions can be applied to all the epochs of the universe for which ξ ϵ [0,1)-{1/2}, where the quantity ξ is a MacCallum parameter and describes the anisotropy of the 4-dimensional space-time. It is explicitly shown that the T-model presented here is more general solution in the sense that it includes the one given by McVitte and Wilt-shire.
In this paper, we have presented two anisotropic cosmological models, of which the former being T-model is homogeneous and the latter being non T-model is inhomogeneous. We have constructed formula for all the physical and kinematical quantities and established relations among them. Equations of state are constructed. Both these solutions can be applied to all the epochs of the universe for which ξ ϵ [0,1)-{1/2}, where the quantity ξ is a MacCallum parameter and describes the anisotropy of the 4-dimensional space-time. It is explicitly shown that the T-model presented here is more general solution in the sense that it includes the one given by McVitte and Wilt-shire.
Anisotropic Cosmological Models with MacCallum Parameter
doi:10.11648/j.ajaa.20140201.11
American Journal of Astronomy and Astrophysics
2014-01-01
© Science Publishing Group
Purnachandra Rao Koya
Anisotropic Cosmological Models with MacCallum Parameter
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© Science Publishing Group
Periodic Orbits around Triangular Points in the Restricted Problem of Three Oblate Bodies
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This paper performs a semi-analytic study of the periodic orbits around stable triangular equilibrium points when the three participating bodies are modeled as oblate spheroids, under effect of, radiation of the main masses and small change in the Coriolis and centrifugal forces. This study generalizes the one studied by AbdulRaheem and Singh, with the inclusion that the third body, due to rapid spinning, changes its shape from being a sphere, to an oblate spheroid. The orbits around these points are ellipses with long and short periodic orbits. The period, orientation, eccentricities, the semi-major and semi-minor axis of the elliptic orbits have been given. The consideration of the particle as an oblate spheroid affects all these outcomes. We clarify the discrepancies between our study and related previous studies.
This paper performs a semi-analytic study of the periodic orbits around stable triangular equilibrium points when the three participating bodies are modeled as oblate spheroids, under effect of, radiation of the main masses and small change in the Coriolis and centrifugal forces. This study generalizes the one studied by AbdulRaheem and Singh, with the inclusion that the third body, due to rapid spinning, changes its shape from being a sphere, to an oblate spheroid. The orbits around these points are ellipses with long and short periodic orbits. The period, orientation, eccentricities, the semi-major and semi-minor axis of the elliptic orbits have been given. The consideration of the particle as an oblate spheroid affects all these outcomes. We clarify the discrepancies between our study and related previous studies.
Periodic Orbits around Triangular Points in the Restricted Problem of Three Oblate Bodies
doi:10.11648/j.ajaa.20140202.12
American Journal of Astronomy and Astrophysics
2014-01-01
© Science Publishing Group
Jagadish Singh
Sunusi Haruna
Periodic Orbits around Triangular Points in the Restricted Problem of Three Oblate Bodies
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2014-01-01
10.11648/j.ajaa.20140202.12
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=301&doi=10.11648/j.ajaa.20140202.12
© Science Publishing Group
Determination of Radius of the Black Hole
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Offered a theoretical calculation of the radius of the Black Hole, based on vortex theory of gravity. Proposed substantiation that the volume of the Black Hole independent of the mass or density of its material. Shown conflicting decisions on the definition of the radius of the Schwarzschild Black Hole, which prove that this decision can not be taken for scientific research.
Offered a theoretical calculation of the radius of the Black Hole, based on vortex theory of gravity. Proposed substantiation that the volume of the Black Hole independent of the mass or density of its material. Shown conflicting decisions on the definition of the radius of the Schwarzschild Black Hole, which prove that this decision can not be taken for scientific research.
Determination of Radius of the Black Hole
doi:10.11648/j.ajaa.20140202.11
American Journal of Astronomy and Astrophysics
2014-01-01
© Science Publishing Group
Sergey Orlov
Determination of Radius of the Black Hole
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© Science Publishing Group
On the Dependence of Planetary Spin on Mass
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The recent direct spectroscopic observation of the spin of the young gas giant exoplanet β Pictoris b was a powerful clue as to the general validity of the trend of the planetary spin with the mass even outside the Solar System. Nevertheless, the spin-mass relationship, which looks like to hold irrespective of the planet composition and radius, is admittedly poorly understood. On the basis of bilogarithmic regressions, the rotational kinetic energy is found to explain the available data more significantly than the equatorial rotation velocity but no more than the spin angular momentum; nevertheless, only the rotational energy turns out to be closely proportional to the square of the mass of planets, suggesting its possible close and direct ties to the planetary mass by means of some fundamental processes. The hypothesis is made that such underlying physical processes can be described by the non-gauge cosmological theory of byuons, which proved useful to explain other astrophysical and geophysical puzzling phenomena such as the motion of pulsars, the nature of dark matter and dark energy, the anisotropy of cosmic rays and the accelerated expansion of the Universe. It’s shown that the theory of byuons is able to explain the observed close proportionality of the planetary rotational kinetic energy to the square of the mass.
The recent direct spectroscopic observation of the spin of the young gas giant exoplanet β Pictoris b was a powerful clue as to the general validity of the trend of the planetary spin with the mass even outside the Solar System. Nevertheless, the spin-mass relationship, which looks like to hold irrespective of the planet composition and radius, is admittedly poorly understood. On the basis of bilogarithmic regressions, the rotational kinetic energy is found to explain the available data more significantly than the equatorial rotation velocity but no more than the spin angular momentum; nevertheless, only the rotational energy turns out to be closely proportional to the square of the mass of planets, suggesting its possible close and direct ties to the planetary mass by means of some fundamental processes. The hypothesis is made that such underlying physical processes can be described by the non-gauge cosmological theory of byuons, which proved useful to explain other astrophysical and geophysical puzzling phenomena such as the motion of pulsars, the nature of dark matter and dark energy, the anisotropy of cosmic rays and the accelerated expansion of the Universe. It’s shown that the theory of byuons is able to explain the observed close proportionality of the planetary rotational kinetic energy to the square of the mass.
On the Dependence of Planetary Spin on Mass
doi:10.11648/j.ajaa.20140203.11
American Journal of Astronomy and Astrophysics
2014-07-16
© Science Publishing Group
Francesco Meneguzzo
Lorenzo Albanese
On the Dependence of Planetary Spin on Mass
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2014-07-16
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© Science Publishing Group
Compactified Dimensions as Produced by Quantum Entanglement, the Four Dimensionality of Einstein’s Smooth Spacetime and ‘tHooft’s 4-ε Fractal Spacetime
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We show how Einstein’s four dimensionality of spacetime arises via a Hardy quantum entanglement form of compactification acting on Veneziano bosonic strings space. In turn this quantum entanglement mechanism is directly connected to the transfinite version of Heterotic string’s dimensional hierarchy, i.e. 26, 16, 10, 6, 4 and leads directly to ‘tHooft-Veltman-Wilson fractal spacetime of dimensional renormalization from which the missing 95.5% dark energy density of the cosmos may be accurately determined. Furthermore we predict the existence of a quasi dimensional regularization quasi particle with a topological mass charge equal to twice that of Hardy's entanglement.
We show how Einstein’s four dimensionality of spacetime arises via a Hardy quantum entanglement form of compactification acting on Veneziano bosonic strings space. In turn this quantum entanglement mechanism is directly connected to the transfinite version of Heterotic string’s dimensional hierarchy, i.e. 26, 16, 10, 6, 4 and leads directly to ‘tHooft-Veltman-Wilson fractal spacetime of dimensional renormalization from which the missing 95.5% dark energy density of the cosmos may be accurately determined. Furthermore we predict the existence of a quasi dimensional regularization quasi particle with a topological mass charge equal to twice that of Hardy's entanglement.
Compactified Dimensions as Produced by Quantum Entanglement, the Four Dimensionality of Einstein’s Smooth Spacetime and ‘tHooft’s 4-ε Fractal Spacetime
doi:10.11648/j.ajaa.20140203.12
American Journal of Astronomy and Astrophysics
2014-08-01
© Science Publishing Group
Mohamed S. El Naschie
Compactified Dimensions as Produced by Quantum Entanglement, the Four Dimensionality of Einstein’s Smooth Spacetime and ‘tHooft’s 4-ε Fractal Spacetime
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The Possible Interrelation of Trans - Neptunian Objects and Long - Period Comets with the High-Precision Orbits
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=301&doi=10.11648/j.ajaa.20140204.11
The question on the relationship of long-period comets (LPCs) with trans-Neptunian objects (ТNОs) having the diameter more than 200 km is investigated. We analyze the distribution values of minimum orbit intersection distances (МОID) for 91 TNOs and 495 long-period comets (LPCs) with known initial orbits. The parameter t – distribution characterizing the level of redundancy МОID for each selected planetary body is prefaced. In the case when МОIDs values are less than 1 AU, 14 values of t have significance, greater than 0.95, and for the case MOIDs less than 0.5 AU, 6 values of t have significance, more than 0.95, and the ratio of t makes 56:35 and 50:41, accordingly. A reliable correlation no matter it is weak, between values t and I (inclination) is found out. The obtained these results indicate the assumption of possible relation of long-period comets with TNOs.
The question on the relationship of long-period comets (LPCs) with trans-Neptunian objects (ТNОs) having the diameter more than 200 km is investigated. We analyze the distribution values of minimum orbit intersection distances (МОID) for 91 TNOs and 495 long-period comets (LPCs) with known initial orbits. The parameter t – distribution characterizing the level of redundancy МОID for each selected planetary body is prefaced. In the case when МОIDs values are less than 1 AU, 14 values of t have significance, greater than 0.95, and for the case MOIDs less than 0.5 AU, 6 values of t have significance, more than 0.95, and the ratio of t makes 56:35 and 50:41, accordingly. A reliable correlation no matter it is weak, between values t and I (inclination) is found out. The obtained these results indicate the assumption of possible relation of long-period comets with TNOs.
The Possible Interrelation of Trans - Neptunian Objects and Long - Period Comets with the High-Precision Orbits
doi:10.11648/j.ajaa.20140204.11
American Journal of Astronomy and Astrophysics
2014-08-23
© Science Publishing Group
Ayyub Guliyev
Shaig Nabiyev
The Possible Interrelation of Trans - Neptunian Objects and Long - Period Comets with the High-Precision Orbits
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2014-08-23
2014-08-23
10.11648/j.ajaa.20140204.11
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=301&doi=10.11648/j.ajaa.20140204.11
© Science Publishing Group
Variation of Gravitational Constant w. r. t. the Spinning Velocity of Super Dense Stars in Very Strong Gravitational Field
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=301&doi=10.11648/j.ajaa.20140204.12
Mahto et al. have derived the formula for the variation of the gravitational constant given by G^'=G/√(1-v^2/c^2 ) in very strong gravitational field of the compact bodies like super massive black holes and neutron stars (2013). In this paper, we have extended this work to show that the variation of gravitational constant in the strong gravitational field with respect to the spinning velocity of super dense stars is directly proportional to its spinning velocity.
Mahto et al. have derived the formula for the variation of the gravitational constant given by G^'=G/√(1-v^2/c^2 ) in very strong gravitational field of the compact bodies like super massive black holes and neutron stars (2013). In this paper, we have extended this work to show that the variation of gravitational constant in the strong gravitational field with respect to the spinning velocity of super dense stars is directly proportional to its spinning velocity.
Variation of Gravitational Constant w. r. t. the Spinning Velocity of Super Dense Stars in Very Strong Gravitational Field
doi:10.11648/j.ajaa.20140204.12
American Journal of Astronomy and Astrophysics
2014-09-16
© Science Publishing Group
Md Shams Nadeem
Dipo Mahto
Kumari Vineeta
Krishna Murari Singh
Variation of Gravitational Constant w. r. t. the Spinning Velocity of Super Dense Stars in Very Strong Gravitational Field
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46
46
2014-09-16
2014-09-16
10.11648/j.ajaa.20140204.12
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=301&doi=10.11648/j.ajaa.20140204.12
© Science Publishing Group
Cosmic Redshift in the Nonexpanding Cellular Universe: Velocity-Differential Theory of Cosmic Redshift
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=301&doi=10.11648/j.ajaa.20140205.11
A review of the traditional possible causes of cosmic redshift —namely Doppler, expanding vacuum, gravitational, and tired light— is presented along with a discussion of why they failed. A new cosmic redshift mechanism is constructed based on a non-mass, non-energy, space medium (which serves as the luminiferous substrate) and the DSSU cellular cosmology (a remarkably natural problem-free cosmology). The cosmic redshift is shown to be a velocity-differential effect caused by a flow differential of the space medium. Furthermore, the velocity-differential redshift/effect is shown to be part of a much broader unification, since the very mechanism that causes the gravitation effect and sustains the Universe’s gravity-cell structure is also the mechanism that causes the λ elongation manifesting as the cosmic redshift. Agreement with the verifiable portion of the redshift-distance graph (z ≤ 5) is outstanding. The main point is that intrinsic spectral shift occurs with a transit across/through any gravity well (sink). It is caused by the difference in propagation velocity between the axial ends of the photon or wave packet. Which, in turn, is caused by the difference in velocity of the aether flow, the flow differential of the aether, that occurs throughout a gravity well. And here the causal chain is linked to gravity: the change in velocity of the aether flow is what produces the effect of gravitation. The acceleration of the aether flow is the manifestation of gravity.
A review of the traditional possible causes of cosmic redshift —namely Doppler, expanding vacuum, gravitational, and tired light— is presented along with a discussion of why they failed. A new cosmic redshift mechanism is constructed based on a non-mass, non-energy, space medium (which serves as the luminiferous substrate) and the DSSU cellular cosmology (a remarkably natural problem-free cosmology). The cosmic redshift is shown to be a velocity-differential effect caused by a flow differential of the space medium. Furthermore, the velocity-differential redshift/effect is shown to be part of a much broader unification, since the very mechanism that causes the gravitation effect and sustains the Universe’s gravity-cell structure is also the mechanism that causes the λ elongation manifesting as the cosmic redshift. Agreement with the verifiable portion of the redshift-distance graph (z ≤ 5) is outstanding. The main point is that intrinsic spectral shift occurs with a transit across/through any gravity well (sink). It is caused by the difference in propagation velocity between the axial ends of the photon or wave packet. Which, in turn, is caused by the difference in velocity of the aether flow, the flow differential of the aether, that occurs throughout a gravity well. And here the causal chain is linked to gravity: the change in velocity of the aether flow is what produces the effect of gravitation. The acceleration of the aether flow is the manifestation of gravity.
Cosmic Redshift in the Nonexpanding Cellular Universe: Velocity-Differential Theory of Cosmic Redshift
doi:10.11648/j.ajaa.20140205.11
American Journal of Astronomy and Astrophysics
2014-12-03
© Science Publishing Group
Conrad Ranzan
Cosmic Redshift in the Nonexpanding Cellular Universe: Velocity-Differential Theory of Cosmic Redshift
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5
60
60
2014-12-03
2014-12-03
10.11648/j.ajaa.20140205.11
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=301&doi=10.11648/j.ajaa.20140205.11
© Science Publishing Group
Geomagnetic Disturbances and Its Impact on Ionospheric Critical Frequency (foF2) at High, Mid and Low Latitude Region
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=301&doi=10.11648/j.ajaa.20140206.11
A geomagnetic storm is a major disturbance of Earth's magnetosphere that occurs when there is a very efficient exchange of energy from the solar wind into the space environment surrounding Earth. During solar and geomagnetic activities, critical frequency of F2 layer (foF2) varies in a great extent. In this Study, our main aim is to examine the effect of solar and geomagnetic activities on the critical frequency (foF2) during January 2014 to April 2014 respectively. One magnetic intense storm occurred on 19 February with (Dst -112) and other moderate storm occurred on 12 April 2014 with (Dst -80). In our study, we have analyzed these effects on critical frequency of F2 layer for ionospheric monitoring. We have used ionospheric data at Low, mid and high latitude station. The absorption and ionization of the ionospheric medium depends on solar activity. The value of foF2 increased from their normal value at all the three latitudes. This is due to geomagnetic storms that occurred around the same time. A very interesting feature that can be seen in the figures is that the increase of foF2 at Low latitude is much more intense as compare to high and mid latitude. Comparison among all the latitudes shows that the values of foF2 at high latitude are quite less as compared to low and mid latitude. We have found that the effect of solar and geomagnetic storm disturbances is strongest at the low latitude and weakest at the high latitude during the geomagnetic storm time.
A geomagnetic storm is a major disturbance of Earth's magnetosphere that occurs when there is a very efficient exchange of energy from the solar wind into the space environment surrounding Earth. During solar and geomagnetic activities, critical frequency of F2 layer (foF2) varies in a great extent. In this Study, our main aim is to examine the effect of solar and geomagnetic activities on the critical frequency (foF2) during January 2014 to April 2014 respectively. One magnetic intense storm occurred on 19 February with (Dst -112) and other moderate storm occurred on 12 April 2014 with (Dst -80). In our study, we have analyzed these effects on critical frequency of F2 layer for ionospheric monitoring. We have used ionospheric data at Low, mid and high latitude station. The absorption and ionization of the ionospheric medium depends on solar activity. The value of foF2 increased from their normal value at all the three latitudes. This is due to geomagnetic storms that occurred around the same time. A very interesting feature that can be seen in the figures is that the increase of foF2 at Low latitude is much more intense as compare to high and mid latitude. Comparison among all the latitudes shows that the values of foF2 at high latitude are quite less as compared to low and mid latitude. We have found that the effect of solar and geomagnetic storm disturbances is strongest at the low latitude and weakest at the high latitude during the geomagnetic storm time.
Geomagnetic Disturbances and Its Impact on Ionospheric Critical Frequency (foF2) at High, Mid and Low Latitude Region
doi:10.11648/j.ajaa.20140206.11
American Journal of Astronomy and Astrophysics
2014-12-23
© Science Publishing Group
Roshni Atulkar
Shivangi Bhardwaj
Prakash Khatarkar
Purushottam Bhawre
P. K. Purohit
Geomagnetic Disturbances and Its Impact on Ionospheric Critical Frequency (foF2) at High, Mid and Low Latitude Region
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65
65
2014-12-23
2014-12-23
10.11648/j.ajaa.20140206.11
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=301&doi=10.11648/j.ajaa.20140206.11
© Science Publishing Group
The Theory of Relativistic Spontaneous Emission from Hydrogen Atom in Schwarzschild Black Hole
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=301&doi=10.11648/j.ajaa.20140206.12
The mechanism of spontaneous emission radiated by the relativistic hydrogen atom falling radially towards Schwarzschild black hole, on the basis of Newtonian mechanics and Bohr’s atomic theory is presented here. The energy radiated by this hydrogen atom is calculated as, ζ= AR(moτ/MB)-moc2, where, AR is a constant. The relation for Lorentz factorγ of relativity with mass MB of collapsed star and mo initial mass of particle is also derived. Furthermore, Hawking’s energy relation for black holes has been derived also from the spontaneous energy relations using same boundary conditions the Hawking radiation possess. The frequency of energy spectrum has been found fall in gamma region of electromagnetic spectrum with range of 1023 and 1024 Hz.
The mechanism of spontaneous emission radiated by the relativistic hydrogen atom falling radially towards Schwarzschild black hole, on the basis of Newtonian mechanics and Bohr’s atomic theory is presented here. The energy radiated by this hydrogen atom is calculated as, ζ= AR(moτ/MB)-moc2, where, AR is a constant. The relation for Lorentz factorγ of relativity with mass MB of collapsed star and mo initial mass of particle is also derived. Furthermore, Hawking’s energy relation for black holes has been derived also from the spontaneous energy relations using same boundary conditions the Hawking radiation possess. The frequency of energy spectrum has been found fall in gamma region of electromagnetic spectrum with range of 1023 and 1024 Hz.
The Theory of Relativistic Spontaneous Emission from Hydrogen Atom in Schwarzschild Black Hole
doi:10.11648/j.ajaa.20140206.12
American Journal of Astronomy and Astrophysics
2014-12-30
© Science Publishing Group
Jahangir A. Dar
The Theory of Relativistic Spontaneous Emission from Hydrogen Atom in Schwarzschild Black Hole
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71
71
2014-12-30
2014-12-30
10.11648/j.ajaa.20140206.12
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=301&doi=10.11648/j.ajaa.20140206.12
© Science Publishing Group
The Measure Concentration of Convex Geometry in a Quasi Banach Spacetime behind the Supposedly Missing Dark Energy of the Cosmos
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=301&doi=10.11648/j.ajaa.20140206.13
Based on the Banach spaces motivated theory of convex geometry in high dimensionality we give a new confirmation of the derivation of the 95.5 per cent so called dark energy density of the cosmos. The result derives directly from the purely geometric-topological phenomenon of measure-mass concentration and gives an unqualified complete confirmation of our previous results including the hidden quantum nature of Einstein’s celebrated equation E = mc2. Thus the quantum dissection into ordinary energy of the quantum particle E(O) = mc2/22 and dark energy of the quantum wave E(D) = mc2(21/22) were validated by first a purely mathematical theorem of convex geometry and second by conservation of energy leading to E(O) + E(D) = mc2 as in Einstein’s special theory of relativity.
Based on the Banach spaces motivated theory of convex geometry in high dimensionality we give a new confirmation of the derivation of the 95.5 per cent so called dark energy density of the cosmos. The result derives directly from the purely geometric-topological phenomenon of measure-mass concentration and gives an unqualified complete confirmation of our previous results including the hidden quantum nature of Einstein’s celebrated equation E = mc2. Thus the quantum dissection into ordinary energy of the quantum particle E(O) = mc2/22 and dark energy of the quantum wave E(D) = mc2(21/22) were validated by first a purely mathematical theorem of convex geometry and second by conservation of energy leading to E(O) + E(D) = mc2 as in Einstein’s special theory of relativity.
The Measure Concentration of Convex Geometry in a Quasi Banach Spacetime behind the Supposedly Missing Dark Energy of the Cosmos
doi:10.11648/j.ajaa.20140206.13
American Journal of Astronomy and Astrophysics
2015-01-06
© Science Publishing Group
Mohamed S. El Naschie
The Measure Concentration of Convex Geometry in a Quasi Banach Spacetime behind the Supposedly Missing Dark Energy of the Cosmos
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77
77
2015-01-06
2015-01-06
10.11648/j.ajaa.20140206.13
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=301&doi=10.11648/j.ajaa.20140206.13
© Science Publishing Group
A New Additional Energy Source for Tornadoes
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=301&doi=10.11648/j.ajaa.s.2014020601.15
Following earlier research aimed at detecting evidence of a connection between selected very powerful tornadoes and the global anisotropy of the physical space representing the foundation of the theory of byuons, allegedly realized by means of a positive feedback between the tornado updraft and the cosmological vector representing the global anisotropy, this article extends the analysis to a much larger database of tornadic events occurring in the continental U.S. in order to detect the fingerprint of the new proposed physical processes on the overall statistics. While the theoretical foundations of the onset and development of tornadoes are well established, some work remains to be done with particular reference to the upper tail of the energy distribution of tornadoes, where the energy developed by a single event can be as huge as 1016 J, or the equivalent of 2 Mton of TNT. In this range, additional mechanisms of energy supply in the process of development of a tornado are proposed and their fingerprint on the overall statistics are looked for. Although further analyses over different geographical areas, especially in the southern hemisphere, would be needed in order to provide a really conclusive proof, convincing evidence accumulates and points to the reality of the new proposed physical processes.
Following earlier research aimed at detecting evidence of a connection between selected very powerful tornadoes and the global anisotropy of the physical space representing the foundation of the theory of byuons, allegedly realized by means of a positive feedback between the tornado updraft and the cosmological vector representing the global anisotropy, this article extends the analysis to a much larger database of tornadic events occurring in the continental U.S. in order to detect the fingerprint of the new proposed physical processes on the overall statistics. While the theoretical foundations of the onset and development of tornadoes are well established, some work remains to be done with particular reference to the upper tail of the energy distribution of tornadoes, where the energy developed by a single event can be as huge as 1016 J, or the equivalent of 2 Mton of TNT. In this range, additional mechanisms of energy supply in the process of development of a tornado are proposed and their fingerprint on the overall statistics are looked for. Although further analyses over different geographical areas, especially in the southern hemisphere, would be needed in order to provide a really conclusive proof, convincing evidence accumulates and points to the reality of the new proposed physical processes.
A New Additional Energy Source for Tornadoes
doi:10.11648/j.ajaa.s.2014020601.15
American Journal of Astronomy and Astrophysics
2014-11-10
© Science Publishing Group
Francesco Meneguzzo
Yuriy Alexeevich Baurov
Lorenzo Albanese
A New Additional Energy Source for Tornadoes
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39
39
2014-11-10
2014-11-10
10.11648/j.ajaa.s.2014020601.15
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=301&doi=10.11648/j.ajaa.s.2014020601.15
© Science Publishing Group
New Force and New Heat
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=301&doi=10.11648/j.ajaa.s.2014020601.17
Total heat generation in a vertically-shaped closed hydraulic circuit of specific section, supplied with a special device (SD) used to lock the circulating liquid medium, i.e. regular water, is analyzed in order to detect possible excess heat with regards to input electric or mechanical power. Long experimental runs were carried out in order to extract transient continuous equilibrium periods, i.e. constant water temperature, distinguished by the imposed recovery pressure and the SD model, while equilibrium series were obtained after connecting the main circuit to a heat exchanger with adjustable dissipation power. The generated heat was measured after observing the flow to the heat exchanger and the temperature difference between the supply and return lines. The heat dissipation from the main circuit was measured as a function of the difference between the circuit and environmental temperatures, as well as a calibration test without any SD was carried out in order to estimate the pump’s motor efficiency on the basis of classical energy conservation. The results show a sharp dependence of excess heat generation from height of installation and statistically significant dependence of excess heat generation upon both water temperature and hydraulic pressure. This evidence agrees with predictions from the theory of byuons about the occurrence of a new force of nature acting upon quickly rising substance in the Earth’s gravitational field, the work performed by such force increasing with the vertical distance traveled by the substance. The results of experiments with heat installation practical show a decision of problem of A. Einstein, i.e. the creation of Joint Theory of Fields.
Total heat generation in a vertically-shaped closed hydraulic circuit of specific section, supplied with a special device (SD) used to lock the circulating liquid medium, i.e. regular water, is analyzed in order to detect possible excess heat with regards to input electric or mechanical power. Long experimental runs were carried out in order to extract transient continuous equilibrium periods, i.e. constant water temperature, distinguished by the imposed recovery pressure and the SD model, while equilibrium series were obtained after connecting the main circuit to a heat exchanger with adjustable dissipation power. The generated heat was measured after observing the flow to the heat exchanger and the temperature difference between the supply and return lines. The heat dissipation from the main circuit was measured as a function of the difference between the circuit and environmental temperatures, as well as a calibration test without any SD was carried out in order to estimate the pump’s motor efficiency on the basis of classical energy conservation. The results show a sharp dependence of excess heat generation from height of installation and statistically significant dependence of excess heat generation upon both water temperature and hydraulic pressure. This evidence agrees with predictions from the theory of byuons about the occurrence of a new force of nature acting upon quickly rising substance in the Earth’s gravitational field, the work performed by such force increasing with the vertical distance traveled by the substance. The results of experiments with heat installation practical show a decision of problem of A. Einstein, i.e. the creation of Joint Theory of Fields.
New Force and New Heat
doi:10.11648/j.ajaa.s.2014020601.17
American Journal of Astronomy and Astrophysics
2014-11-10
© Science Publishing Group
Yuriy Alexeevich Baurov
Lorenzo Albanese
Francesco Meneguzzo
New Force and New Heat
2
6
53
53
2014-11-10
2014-11-10
10.11648/j.ajaa.s.2014020601.17
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=301&doi=10.11648/j.ajaa.s.2014020601.17
© Science Publishing Group
Anisotropic Distribution of Space Pulsar Velocities
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=301&doi=10.11648/j.ajaa.s.2014020601.14
On the base of new data it is shown that the observed proper motions and directions of the tangential velocities of pulsars manifest the extremely anisotropic distributions. These anisotropies cannot be explained by the structure of our Galaxy or by various types of solar motions. They can be caused by the cosmological vector potential and the action of the new force. This force must be stronger in higher magnetic fields. The positive correlation between tangential velocities Vt and surface magnetic fields of pulsars Bs is seen indeed. It is shown that the new force can provide pulsar velocities up to several thousands of km/sec.
On the base of new data it is shown that the observed proper motions and directions of the tangential velocities of pulsars manifest the extremely anisotropic distributions. These anisotropies cannot be explained by the structure of our Galaxy or by various types of solar motions. They can be caused by the cosmological vector potential and the action of the new force. This force must be stronger in higher magnetic fields. The positive correlation between tangential velocities Vt and surface magnetic fields of pulsars Bs is seen indeed. It is shown that the new force can provide pulsar velocities up to several thousands of km/sec.
Anisotropic Distribution of Space Pulsar Velocities
doi:10.11648/j.ajaa.s.2014020601.14
American Journal of Astronomy and Astrophysics
2014-10-29
© Science Publishing Group
Igor Fedorovich Malov
Anisotropic Distribution of Space Pulsar Velocities
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31
31
2014-10-29
2014-10-29
10.11648/j.ajaa.s.2014020601.14
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=301&doi=10.11648/j.ajaa.s.2014020601.14
© Science Publishing Group
Global Anisotropy and Theory of Byuon
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=301&doi=10.11648/j.ajaa.s.2014020601.11
The basic ideas of an unconventional physical model of creation of the observed physical space and ultimate particles from a finite set of special discrete objects (byuons) are presented and discussed. The qualitative distinctions between the theory of byuons and previous physical theories are discussed. Predictions of theory of byuons are proposed: the existence of the cosmological vectorial potential Ag, a novel fundamental vectorial constant defining the global anisotropy of physical space, a new force of nature and the quantum information channel.
The basic ideas of an unconventional physical model of creation of the observed physical space and ultimate particles from a finite set of special discrete objects (byuons) are presented and discussed. The qualitative distinctions between the theory of byuons and previous physical theories are discussed. Predictions of theory of byuons are proposed: the existence of the cosmological vectorial potential Ag, a novel fundamental vectorial constant defining the global anisotropy of physical space, a new force of nature and the quantum information channel.
Global Anisotropy and Theory of Byuon
doi:10.11648/j.ajaa.s.2014020601.11
American Journal of Astronomy and Astrophysics
2014-10-29
© Science Publishing Group
Yuriy Alexeevich Baurov
Global Anisotropy and Theory of Byuon
2
6
7
7
2014-10-29
2014-10-29
10.11648/j.ajaa.s.2014020601.11
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=301&doi=10.11648/j.ajaa.s.2014020601.11
© Science Publishing Group
Experimental Investigation of the Traction Force for a New Space Thruster
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=301&doi=10.11648/j.ajaa.s.2014020601.16
A long course of experimental investigations of a new non-gauge force used for the traction of a prototype space thruster placed on board an hemispherical ship are reviewed and discussed. The physical nature of the new force is explained by the theory of byuon, a non-gauge theory of the formation of the physical space and the world of ultimate particles from some unobservable objects called “byuons”. The definition of these objects contains a new fundamental vector constant, the cosmological vector potential Ag, which direction defines a marginal global anisotropy of the physical space. The experimental results show a remarkable dependence of the force on the period of the year and even on the time of the day, the details of such dependence suggesting astronomical coordinates of the vector Ag which are consistent with previous estimates yet reducing their uncertainty: in the second equatorial coordinates system, the right ascension α=316°±5° and the declination δ=36°±10° are obtained. The level of the traction force during the experimental period turns out to be in the range 2.5 mN to 51 mN, while the best figure for the power to thrust ratio as derived from previous experiments is 330 W/N, suggestive of its potential competitiveness with state of the art electric propulsion thrusters.
A long course of experimental investigations of a new non-gauge force used for the traction of a prototype space thruster placed on board an hemispherical ship are reviewed and discussed. The physical nature of the new force is explained by the theory of byuon, a non-gauge theory of the formation of the physical space and the world of ultimate particles from some unobservable objects called “byuons”. The definition of these objects contains a new fundamental vector constant, the cosmological vector potential Ag, which direction defines a marginal global anisotropy of the physical space. The experimental results show a remarkable dependence of the force on the period of the year and even on the time of the day, the details of such dependence suggesting astronomical coordinates of the vector Ag which are consistent with previous estimates yet reducing their uncertainty: in the second equatorial coordinates system, the right ascension α=316°±5° and the declination δ=36°±10° are obtained. The level of the traction force during the experimental period turns out to be in the range 2.5 mN to 51 mN, while the best figure for the power to thrust ratio as derived from previous experiments is 330 W/N, suggestive of its potential competitiveness with state of the art electric propulsion thrusters.
Experimental Investigation of the Traction Force for a New Space Thruster
doi:10.11648/j.ajaa.s.2014020601.16
American Journal of Astronomy and Astrophysics
2014-11-10
© Science Publishing Group
Yuriy Alexeevich Baurov
Francesco Meneguzzo
Lorenzo Albanese
Experimental Investigation of the Traction Force for a New Space Thruster
2
6
46
46
2014-11-10
2014-11-10
10.11648/j.ajaa.s.2014020601.16
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=301&doi=10.11648/j.ajaa.s.2014020601.16
© Science Publishing Group
On Observations of the New Global Anisotropy Force Action in the Geo- and Astrophysical Phenomena
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=301&doi=10.11648/j.ajaa.s.2014020601.13
To the foundation of a principally new short-term forecasting method there has been laid down a theory of surrounding us world’s creation as a result of interaction of byuons – discrete objects (Byuon theory, shortly BT). The definition of the byuon contains the cosmological vector-potential Ag - a novel fundamental vector constant. BT predicts a new non-gage anisotropic interaction of nature objects. The 100% probability of an strong earthquake arises when in the process of the Earth rotation the zenith vector of a seismically dangerous region and/or the vectorial potential of Earth’s magnetic fields are in a certain way oriented relative to the vector Ag. In the paper it is shown a connection between the vector Ag direction and directions of pulsars motion, an arising of tornados, and anisotropy of cosmic rays. The vector Ag has the following coordinates in the second equatorial coordinate system: right ascension 30015 (20h1h), declination 3610. It is shown that some problems connected with dark matter (DM) and dark energy (DE) can be solved in the framework of BT. Physical space in our Universe is the quantum medium of special objects 4b (BT), formed in four-contact interactions of byuons (m4b c2 ≈ 33eV ). These objects determine the average density of substance (DM) in the Universe~10-29g cm-3. The new force can cause the observed acceleration of Galaxies in our Universe. The estimations show that it is higher than the gravitational force at distances of order of1026 – 1028cm.
To the foundation of a principally new short-term forecasting method there has been laid down a theory of surrounding us world’s creation as a result of interaction of byuons – discrete objects (Byuon theory, shortly BT). The definition of the byuon contains the cosmological vector-potential Ag - a novel fundamental vector constant. BT predicts a new non-gage anisotropic interaction of nature objects. The 100% probability of an strong earthquake arises when in the process of the Earth rotation the zenith vector of a seismically dangerous region and/or the vectorial potential of Earth’s magnetic fields are in a certain way oriented relative to the vector Ag. In the paper it is shown a connection between the vector Ag direction and directions of pulsars motion, an arising of tornados, and anisotropy of cosmic rays. The vector Ag has the following coordinates in the second equatorial coordinate system: right ascension 30015 (20h1h), declination 3610. It is shown that some problems connected with dark matter (DM) and dark energy (DE) can be solved in the framework of BT. Physical space in our Universe is the quantum medium of special objects 4b (BT), formed in four-contact interactions of byuons (m4b c2 ≈ 33eV ). These objects determine the average density of substance (DM) in the Universe~10-29g cm-3. The new force can cause the observed acceleration of Galaxies in our Universe. The estimations show that it is higher than the gravitational force at distances of order of1026 – 1028cm.
On Observations of the New Global Anisotropy Force Action in the Geo- and Astrophysical Phenomena
doi:10.11648/j.ajaa.s.2014020601.13
American Journal of Astronomy and Astrophysics
2014-10-29
© Science Publishing Group
Yuriy Alexeevich Baurov
Igor Fedorovich Malov
Francesco Meneguzzo
On Observations of the New Global Anisotropy Force Action in the Geo- and Astrophysical Phenomena
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28
28
2014-10-29
2014-10-29
10.11648/j.ajaa.s.2014020601.13
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=301&doi=10.11648/j.ajaa.s.2014020601.13
© Science Publishing Group
New Force, Global Anisotropy and the Changes in β-Decay Rate of Radioactive Elements
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=301&doi=10.11648/j.ajaa.s.2014020601.12
The review of experimental studies results of a global anisotropy of physical space and new interaction in nature based on analyzing fluctuations in the intensity of the β-decay of radioactive elements are presented. The explanation of the results, based on a hypothesis as to the global anisotropy of physical space caused by the existence of cosmological vector potential AG in limits of theory of byuon, is given. It is shown that vector AG has the following coordinates in the second equatorial coordinate system: right ascension α = 293° ± 15°; declination δ = 36° ± 10°.
The review of experimental studies results of a global anisotropy of physical space and new interaction in nature based on analyzing fluctuations in the intensity of the β-decay of radioactive elements are presented. The explanation of the results, based on a hypothesis as to the global anisotropy of physical space caused by the existence of cosmological vector potential AG in limits of theory of byuon, is given. It is shown that vector AG has the following coordinates in the second equatorial coordinate system: right ascension α = 293° ± 15°; declination δ = 36° ± 10°.
New Force, Global Anisotropy and the Changes in β-Decay Rate of Radioactive Elements
doi:10.11648/j.ajaa.s.2014020601.12
American Journal of Astronomy and Astrophysics
2014-10-29
© Science Publishing Group
Yuriy Alexeevich Baurov
Yuriy Grigoreyvich Sobolev
Yuriy Vasilevich Ryabov
New Force, Global Anisotropy and the Changes in β-Decay Rate of Radioactive Elements
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19
19
2014-10-29
2014-10-29
10.11648/j.ajaa.s.2014020601.12
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=301&doi=10.11648/j.ajaa.s.2014020601.12
© Science Publishing Group
New Spacecraft and Protection of the Planet from the Asteroid Hazard
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=301&doi=10.11648/j.ajaa.s.2014020601.18
A project is presented to create in Mars’ orbit a protective stations belt (PSB) designed to bring down the asteroid hazard to the Earth, based on an interplanetary spacecraft(ISC) of a new type. This project may as well contribute to the investigation of fundamental problems of astronomy and astrophysics in the study of the properties of deep space using space platforms. The project is based on technical realizations which feasibility derives from the cosmological theory of byuon (TB) about the formation of the physical space and the world of elementary particles along with the experimental findings about new properties of nature: a new force that is used in the form of thrust for spacecrafts and a new quantum information channel providing a connection between the Earth, the PSB and the ISC. The results of experimental investigations about the traction force with a ground model of spacecraft are recalled, confirming the existence of a global anisotropy of physical space as predicted by the theory of byuon, as well as the technical feasibility to harness the new force in order to implement new concept space thrusters significantly more energy-effective than existing models. An action plan to implement the creation of the ISC is worked out.
A project is presented to create in Mars’ orbit a protective stations belt (PSB) designed to bring down the asteroid hazard to the Earth, based on an interplanetary spacecraft(ISC) of a new type. This project may as well contribute to the investigation of fundamental problems of astronomy and astrophysics in the study of the properties of deep space using space platforms. The project is based on technical realizations which feasibility derives from the cosmological theory of byuon (TB) about the formation of the physical space and the world of elementary particles along with the experimental findings about new properties of nature: a new force that is used in the form of thrust for spacecrafts and a new quantum information channel providing a connection between the Earth, the PSB and the ISC. The results of experimental investigations about the traction force with a ground model of spacecraft are recalled, confirming the existence of a global anisotropy of physical space as predicted by the theory of byuon, as well as the technical feasibility to harness the new force in order to implement new concept space thrusters significantly more energy-effective than existing models. An action plan to implement the creation of the ISC is worked out.
New Spacecraft and Protection of the Planet from the Asteroid Hazard
doi:10.11648/j.ajaa.s.2014020601.18
American Journal of Astronomy and Astrophysics
2014-11-10
© Science Publishing Group
Yuriy Alexeevich Baurov
Lorenzo Albanese
Francesco Meneguzzo
Valeriy Alexandrovich Menshikov
New Spacecraft and Protection of the Planet from the Asteroid Hazard
2
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61
61
2014-11-10
2014-11-10
10.11648/j.ajaa.s.2014020601.18
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=301&doi=10.11648/j.ajaa.s.2014020601.18
© Science Publishing Group
On Compact Steep Spectrum Sources and Jet Production
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=301&doi=10.11648/j.ajaa.20150301.11
In this work, we show the possibility that jet production by magnetization predominates over other mechanisms of jet production in radio sources with low power output. We obtain estimates of accretion induced magnetic field and jet-driving magnetic field of compact steep spectrum sources in our sample using analytical methods.A possible implication of the results obtained through simple linear regression analyses of the data estimated for the two aforementioned fields is that jet production by magnetization predominates in the CSS radio sources with lower power output; while in those with higher power output, the converse may be the case – some other processes,such as; hydrodynamic, thermal, and radiation pressures may predominate over jet magnetization.
In this work, we show the possibility that jet production by magnetization predominates over other mechanisms of jet production in radio sources with low power output. We obtain estimates of accretion induced magnetic field and jet-driving magnetic field of compact steep spectrum sources in our sample using analytical methods.A possible implication of the results obtained through simple linear regression analyses of the data estimated for the two aforementioned fields is that jet production by magnetization predominates in the CSS radio sources with lower power output; while in those with higher power output, the converse may be the case – some other processes,such as; hydrodynamic, thermal, and radiation pressures may predominate over jet magnetization.
On Compact Steep Spectrum Sources and Jet Production
doi:10.11648/j.ajaa.20150301.11
American Journal of Astronomy and Astrophysics
2015-02-16
© Science Publishing Group
Ezeugo Jeremiah Chukwuemerie
On Compact Steep Spectrum Sources and Jet Production
3
1
5
5
2015-02-16
2015-02-16
10.11648/j.ajaa.20150301.11
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=301&doi=10.11648/j.ajaa.20150301.11
© Science Publishing Group
Vulcanoid Asteroids and Sun-Grazing Comets – Past Encounters and Possible Outcomes
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=301&doi=10.11648/j.ajaa.20150302.12
The region between 0.07 to 0.25 au from the Sun is regularly crossed by sungrazing and small perihelion distance periodic comets. This zone also supports stable orbits that may be occupied by Vulcanoid asteroids. In this article we review the circumstances associated with those comets known to have passed through the putative Vulcanoid region, and we review the various histories associated with a sub-group of these comets that have been observed to displayed anomalous behaviors shortly before or after perihelion passage. In all 406 known comets are found to have passed through the Vulcanoid zone; the earliest recorded comet to do so being C/400 F1, with comet C/2008 J13 (SOHO) being the last in the data set used (complete to 2014). Only two of these comets, however, are known to be short period comets, C/1917 F1 Mellish and 96P / Machholz 1, with the majority being sungrazing comets moving along parabolic orbits. We examine the case history of comet C/1917 F1 Mellish in some detail since numerical simulations suggest that over the past ~ 40 thousand years it has regularly passed through the Vulcanoid zone. Additionally, this particular comet is linked to the December Monocerotid meteor shower, which is known to have produced a series of very bright fireball displays in the 11th Century. An extremely small impact probability of order 10-19 per perihelion passage with a Vulcanoid of diameter 1 km or larger is determined for comet Mellish, and we conclude that the ancient fireball display is not likely associated with a Vulcanoid collision. Indeed, while we find no evidence to indicate that any historical collisions between a cometary nucleus and a Vulcanoid have occurred, this result, we suggest, does not automatically mean that no Vulcanoids exist at the present time, or that collisions have not taken place in the past. Likewise, these results do not rule out the possibility of collisions being observable at future times. As ever, since first being hypothesized, if they exist at all, the Vulcanoid asteroids remain elusive.
The region between 0.07 to 0.25 au from the Sun is regularly crossed by sungrazing and small perihelion distance periodic comets. This zone also supports stable orbits that may be occupied by Vulcanoid asteroids. In this article we review the circumstances associated with those comets known to have passed through the putative Vulcanoid region, and we review the various histories associated with a sub-group of these comets that have been observed to displayed anomalous behaviors shortly before or after perihelion passage. In all 406 known comets are found to have passed through the Vulcanoid zone; the earliest recorded comet to do so being C/400 F1, with comet C/2008 J13 (SOHO) being the last in the data set used (complete to 2014). Only two of these comets, however, are known to be short period comets, C/1917 F1 Mellish and 96P / Machholz 1, with the majority being sungrazing comets moving along parabolic orbits. We examine the case history of comet C/1917 F1 Mellish in some detail since numerical simulations suggest that over the past ~ 40 thousand years it has regularly passed through the Vulcanoid zone. Additionally, this particular comet is linked to the December Monocerotid meteor shower, which is known to have produced a series of very bright fireball displays in the 11th Century. An extremely small impact probability of order 10-19 per perihelion passage with a Vulcanoid of diameter 1 km or larger is determined for comet Mellish, and we conclude that the ancient fireball display is not likely associated with a Vulcanoid collision. Indeed, while we find no evidence to indicate that any historical collisions between a cometary nucleus and a Vulcanoid have occurred, this result, we suggest, does not automatically mean that no Vulcanoids exist at the present time, or that collisions have not taken place in the past. Likewise, these results do not rule out the possibility of collisions being observable at future times. As ever, since first being hypothesized, if they exist at all, the Vulcanoid asteroids remain elusive.
Vulcanoid Asteroids and Sun-Grazing Comets – Past Encounters and Possible Outcomes
doi:10.11648/j.ajaa.20150302.12
American Journal of Astronomy and Astrophysics
2015-04-28
© Science Publishing Group
Martin Beech
Lowell Peltier
Vulcanoid Asteroids and Sun-Grazing Comets – Past Encounters and Possible Outcomes
3
2
36
36
2015-04-28
2015-04-28
10.11648/j.ajaa.20150302.12
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=301&doi=10.11648/j.ajaa.20150302.12
© Science Publishing Group
Ellipticity, Its Origin and Progression in Comoving Galaxies
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=301&doi=10.11648/j.ajaa.20150302.11
Conventional cosmology is based on (i) the Edwin Hubble discovery of the relationship between redshifted light and cosmic distance; (ii) the fact that "space" expansion causes spectral redshifting; and (iii) an extrapolation of space-medium expansion encompassing the entire universe. It is a cosmology that utterly fails in explaining the long-standing mystery of Ellipticals. Within an expanding universe (even an accelerating expanding universe) ellipticity cannot be explained. The present Paper turns to an intrinsically cellular cosmology, one that is based on (i) the same discovery made by Edwin Hubble of the redshifted-cosmic-distance relationship; (ii) the same fact that medium expansion causes photons to stretch; and (iii) the new finding that redshifting can occur in regions where the space medium expands as well as where it contracts; this new development is called the velocity differential theory of cosmic redshift and leads inescapably to inherent cellularity. It is shown, herein, how the universe’s cellularity, with its dual-dynamic space medium, is essential for explaining the formation and ellipticity of galaxies (as well as the potential for subsequent galactic interaction).
Conventional cosmology is based on (i) the Edwin Hubble discovery of the relationship between redshifted light and cosmic distance; (ii) the fact that "space" expansion causes spectral redshifting; and (iii) an extrapolation of space-medium expansion encompassing the entire universe. It is a cosmology that utterly fails in explaining the long-standing mystery of Ellipticals. Within an expanding universe (even an accelerating expanding universe) ellipticity cannot be explained. The present Paper turns to an intrinsically cellular cosmology, one that is based on (i) the same discovery made by Edwin Hubble of the redshifted-cosmic-distance relationship; (ii) the same fact that medium expansion causes photons to stretch; and (iii) the new finding that redshifting can occur in regions where the space medium expands as well as where it contracts; this new development is called the velocity differential theory of cosmic redshift and leads inescapably to inherent cellularity. It is shown, herein, how the universe’s cellularity, with its dual-dynamic space medium, is essential for explaining the formation and ellipticity of galaxies (as well as the potential for subsequent galactic interaction).
Ellipticity, Its Origin and Progression in Comoving Galaxies
doi:10.11648/j.ajaa.20150302.11
American Journal of Astronomy and Astrophysics
2015-05-08
© Science Publishing Group
Conrad Ranzan
Ellipticity, Its Origin and Progression in Comoving Galaxies
3
2
25
25
2015-05-08
2015-05-08
10.11648/j.ajaa.20150302.11
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=301&doi=10.11648/j.ajaa.20150302.11
© Science Publishing Group
The Relative Expansion of the Universe
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=301&doi=10.11648/j.ajaa.20150303.11
This is an alternate explanation to the redshift effect and increasing distance between galaxies. Everything in the universe excluding empty space is shrinking, including elementary particles. In contrast to everything else, the empty space would appear to be expanding. This idea is compatible with most of established science, such as the theory of relativity, the doppler effect, the big rip idea. And, it also helps explain dark energy. An idea that is not very well understood yet.
This is an alternate explanation to the redshift effect and increasing distance between galaxies. Everything in the universe excluding empty space is shrinking, including elementary particles. In contrast to everything else, the empty space would appear to be expanding. This idea is compatible with most of established science, such as the theory of relativity, the doppler effect, the big rip idea. And, it also helps explain dark energy. An idea that is not very well understood yet.
The Relative Expansion of the Universe
doi:10.11648/j.ajaa.20150303.11
American Journal of Astronomy and Astrophysics
2015-04-28
© Science Publishing Group
Lee Qing Jong
The Relative Expansion of the Universe
3
3
39
39
2015-04-28
2015-04-28
10.11648/j.ajaa.20150303.11
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=301&doi=10.11648/j.ajaa.20150303.11
© Science Publishing Group
On Jet Opening Angle and Dynamical Evolution of Some Powerful Extragalactic Radio Sources
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=301&doi=10.11648/j.ajaa.20150303.12
We used both analytical and statistical methods of analyses to find out if there is possible connection between jet opening solid angle and linear size evolution of some powerful extragalactic radio sources in our sample. Based on simple linear regression analyses of D-Ω data (where D is observed linear size and Ω is estimated jet opening solid angle), we found with a marginal correlation, that effects contributed by the opening angle may be overshadowed by other factors. A plausible interpretation of the result is that there is presence of appreciable ambient gases around these sources.
We used both analytical and statistical methods of analyses to find out if there is possible connection between jet opening solid angle and linear size evolution of some powerful extragalactic radio sources in our sample. Based on simple linear regression analyses of D-Ω data (where D is observed linear size and Ω is estimated jet opening solid angle), we found with a marginal correlation, that effects contributed by the opening angle may be overshadowed by other factors. A plausible interpretation of the result is that there is presence of appreciable ambient gases around these sources.
On Jet Opening Angle and Dynamical Evolution of Some Powerful Extragalactic Radio Sources
doi:10.11648/j.ajaa.20150303.12
American Journal of Astronomy and Astrophysics
2015-05-01
© Science Publishing Group
Ezeugo Jeremiah Chukwuemerie
On Jet Opening Angle and Dynamical Evolution of Some Powerful Extragalactic Radio Sources
3
3
43
43
2015-05-01
2015-05-01
10.11648/j.ajaa.20150303.12
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=301&doi=10.11648/j.ajaa.20150303.12
© Science Publishing Group
An Analytical Estimate of the Hubble Constant
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=301&doi=10.11648/j.ajaa.20150303.13
Currently the present-time value of the Hubble constant is estimated through finding the optimum fit to the observationally measured data. Here, assuming a flat universe with zero cosmological constant, based on the conservation of total mass-energy and a correction for the effect of time dilation, the total present-time value of the energy density parameter is found to be equal to 0.703091. Based on the Friedmann-Robertson-Walker (FRW) equation, the first law of thermodynamics, and Einstein’s Equivalence Principle, we present an analytical approach which yields a value for the Hubble constant equal to H_0=69.05398 km s^(-1) 〖Mpc〗^(-1). Using this value, Hubble diagrams are constructed. These diagrams are remarkably consistent with the available observational data.
Currently the present-time value of the Hubble constant is estimated through finding the optimum fit to the observationally measured data. Here, assuming a flat universe with zero cosmological constant, based on the conservation of total mass-energy and a correction for the effect of time dilation, the total present-time value of the energy density parameter is found to be equal to 0.703091. Based on the Friedmann-Robertson-Walker (FRW) equation, the first law of thermodynamics, and Einstein’s Equivalence Principle, we present an analytical approach which yields a value for the Hubble constant equal to H_0=69.05398 km s^(-1) 〖Mpc〗^(-1). Using this value, Hubble diagrams are constructed. These diagrams are remarkably consistent with the available observational data.
An Analytical Estimate of the Hubble Constant
doi:10.11648/j.ajaa.20150303.13
American Journal of Astronomy and Astrophysics
2015-04-28
© Science Publishing Group
Naser Mostaghel
An Analytical Estimate of the Hubble Constant
3
3
49
49
2015-04-28
2015-04-28
10.11648/j.ajaa.20150303.13
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=301&doi=10.11648/j.ajaa.20150303.13
© Science Publishing Group
Fluctuations of Solar Wind Parameters During Polar Reversal
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=301&doi=10.11648/j.ajaa.20150303.15
Around the time of polarity reversal in 2000 – 2001, the solar wind plasma parameters and interplanetary magnetic field fluctuations are studied for an interval of time that corresponds to Ulysses in-situ measurements of high-latitude heliospheric magnetic field. This study has been done by investigating solar wind speed, density, temperature and solar magnetic field using Ulysses magnetometer and SWOOPS instrument. The sun's magnetic field reverses polarity approximately in every 11 year and it creates a peak in each solar cycle. This study gives a brief understanding of solar wind parameters in the heliosphere during polar reversal in solar cycle 23. The solar magnetic field completely reorganizes during the polar reversal phase, hence the distribution of solar wind parameters changes accordingly. By studying the variation of solar wind parameters, it is possible to understand the polar reversal phenomenon. The photospheric polarity reversal is completed in more active Northern Hemisphere in late 2000 and then in the Southern Hemisphere in 2001. The reversal of the magnetic field at the solar wind source surface is inferred to have occurred between late 2000 and 2001, with the most likely time of reversal being early within that period.
Around the time of polarity reversal in 2000 – 2001, the solar wind plasma parameters and interplanetary magnetic field fluctuations are studied for an interval of time that corresponds to Ulysses in-situ measurements of high-latitude heliospheric magnetic field. This study has been done by investigating solar wind speed, density, temperature and solar magnetic field using Ulysses magnetometer and SWOOPS instrument. The sun's magnetic field reverses polarity approximately in every 11 year and it creates a peak in each solar cycle. This study gives a brief understanding of solar wind parameters in the heliosphere during polar reversal in solar cycle 23. The solar magnetic field completely reorganizes during the polar reversal phase, hence the distribution of solar wind parameters changes accordingly. By studying the variation of solar wind parameters, it is possible to understand the polar reversal phenomenon. The photospheric polarity reversal is completed in more active Northern Hemisphere in late 2000 and then in the Southern Hemisphere in 2001. The reversal of the magnetic field at the solar wind source surface is inferred to have occurred between late 2000 and 2001, with the most likely time of reversal being early within that period.
Fluctuations of Solar Wind Parameters During Polar Reversal
doi:10.11648/j.ajaa.20150303.15
American Journal of Astronomy and Astrophysics
2015-05-19
© Science Publishing Group
Iren Sobia
Bidhu S. S.
Dickson Benjamin
Fluctuations of Solar Wind Parameters During Polar Reversal
3
3
62
62
2015-05-19
2015-05-19
10.11648/j.ajaa.20150303.15
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=301&doi=10.11648/j.ajaa.20150303.15
© Science Publishing Group
Stability of Charged Shell Supported by a Phantom Energy
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=301&doi=10.11648/j.ajaa.20150303.14
This paper discusses the evolution of a thin spherically symmetric self gravitating phantom shell around the charged shell. The general equations describing the motion of shell with a general form of equation of state are derived. The different types of space-time R± and T± regions and shell motion are classified depending on the parameters of the problem. The mechanical stability analysis of this spherically symmetric thin shell with charge in Reissner- Nordstrom (RN) to linearized spherically symmetric perturbation about static equilibrium solution is carried out.
This paper discusses the evolution of a thin spherically symmetric self gravitating phantom shell around the charged shell. The general equations describing the motion of shell with a general form of equation of state are derived. The different types of space-time R± and T± regions and shell motion are classified depending on the parameters of the problem. The mechanical stability analysis of this spherically symmetric thin shell with charge in Reissner- Nordstrom (RN) to linearized spherically symmetric perturbation about static equilibrium solution is carried out.
Stability of Charged Shell Supported by a Phantom Energy
doi:10.11648/j.ajaa.20150303.14
American Journal of Astronomy and Astrophysics
2015-05-15
© Science Publishing Group
Ali Eid
Stability of Charged Shell Supported by a Phantom Energy
3
3
55
55
2015-05-15
2015-05-15
10.11648/j.ajaa.20150303.14
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=301&doi=10.11648/j.ajaa.20150303.14
© Science Publishing Group
A Method to Estimate the Cooling Time of Ultra-Relativistic Electrons in Pulsar Wind Nebulae
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=301&doi=10.11648/j.ajaa.20150303.16
Pulsar is a highly magnetized rotating neutron star. It continuously emits a wind of relativistic electrons and positrons. This wind creates an electron-positron-cloud around the pulsar. This cloud, which is full of relativistic electrons and positrons, is called a Pulsar Wind Nebula (PWN). As of 2014, 33 Pulsar Wind Nebulae (PWNe) have been detected in the TeV energy band. Current understanding is, these TeV photons are produced from up-scattering low-energy photons to high-energies by ultra-relativistic electrons and positrons in PWNe, which is a non-thermal process. This process is known as inverse-Compton scattering. During inverse-Compton scattering, ultra-relativistic electrons lose their energy and cool-down to low-energies. The average time that an ultra-relativistic electron takes to cool-down by inverse-Compton scattering is called the cooling time. Estimation of cooling time is important to understand how the luminosity of a PWN changes with time. This paper describes a statistical method developed for estimating the cooling time of ultra-relativistic electrons in a given PWN. This new method is a model independent technique. Cooling time was estimated as a function of two parameters: k and γ. Here k is the high-energy electron fraction in PWN at a given time and γ is the Average Bulk Lorentz Factor of electrons in the PWN. The estimated cooling time is proportional to k and inversely proportional to γ. The developed method was applied to four PWNe: MSH 15-52, HESS J1420-607, HESS J1825-137 and HESS J1837-069. The estimated cooling times vary between 1.56 kyr to 1000 kyr for MSH 15-52, 13 kyr to 8000 kyr for HESS J1420-607, 21.4 kyr to 10000 kyr for HESS J1825-137 and 22.7 kyr to 15000 kyr for HESS J1837-069.
Pulsar is a highly magnetized rotating neutron star. It continuously emits a wind of relativistic electrons and positrons. This wind creates an electron-positron-cloud around the pulsar. This cloud, which is full of relativistic electrons and positrons, is called a Pulsar Wind Nebula (PWN). As of 2014, 33 Pulsar Wind Nebulae (PWNe) have been detected in the TeV energy band. Current understanding is, these TeV photons are produced from up-scattering low-energy photons to high-energies by ultra-relativistic electrons and positrons in PWNe, which is a non-thermal process. This process is known as inverse-Compton scattering. During inverse-Compton scattering, ultra-relativistic electrons lose their energy and cool-down to low-energies. The average time that an ultra-relativistic electron takes to cool-down by inverse-Compton scattering is called the cooling time. Estimation of cooling time is important to understand how the luminosity of a PWN changes with time. This paper describes a statistical method developed for estimating the cooling time of ultra-relativistic electrons in a given PWN. This new method is a model independent technique. Cooling time was estimated as a function of two parameters: k and γ. Here k is the high-energy electron fraction in PWN at a given time and γ is the Average Bulk Lorentz Factor of electrons in the PWN. The estimated cooling time is proportional to k and inversely proportional to γ. The developed method was applied to four PWNe: MSH 15-52, HESS J1420-607, HESS J1825-137 and HESS J1837-069. The estimated cooling times vary between 1.56 kyr to 1000 kyr for MSH 15-52, 13 kyr to 8000 kyr for HESS J1420-607, 21.4 kyr to 10000 kyr for HESS J1825-137 and 22.7 kyr to 15000 kyr for HESS J1837-069.
A Method to Estimate the Cooling Time of Ultra-Relativistic Electrons in Pulsar Wind Nebulae
doi:10.11648/j.ajaa.20150303.16
American Journal of Astronomy and Astrophysics
2015-05-27
© Science Publishing Group
K. L. I. Gunawardhana
K. P. S. C. Jayaratne
J. Adassuriya
A Method to Estimate the Cooling Time of Ultra-Relativistic Electrons in Pulsar Wind Nebulae
3
3
69
69
2015-05-27
2015-05-27
10.11648/j.ajaa.20150303.16
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=301&doi=10.11648/j.ajaa.20150303.16
© Science Publishing Group