Science Publishing Group: Science Journal of Analytical Chemistry: Table of Contents
<i> Science Journal of Analytical Chemistry (SJAC) </i> provides a forum for the publication of scientific research and review articles. The journal publishes original full-length research papers in all areas related to theoretical and objects analyzed applied aspects of analytical chemistry.General issues contain critical review articles, news, meeting reports, book reviews and meeting announcements. In addition, Special Issues provide comprehensive updates with critical review articles on particularly topical fields of interest in analytical chemistry.
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/j/sjac Science Publishing Group: Science Journal of Analytical Chemistry: Table of Contents
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Science Journal of Analytical Chemistry
Science Journal of Analytical Chemistry
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A Doubly Functionalized Mesoporous Silica Nanoscavenger for the Analytical Extraction of Triphenyltin from Water
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=223&doi=10.11648/j.sjac.20130101.11
A new analytical procedure has been developed for the determination of triphenyltin(TPT), diphenyltin (DPT), and monophenyltin (MPT) in water samples. The method is based on the use of the dual functionalization of mesoporous silica with diol and C18 alkane groups for the collection of TPT and its derivatives, DPT and MPT, from water samples, followed by hexylation of the target matrices using the Grignard reagent and quantification by gas chromatography with pulsed flame photometric detection. The nanoscavenger concept replaces conventional solid- and liquid-phase extractants with nanosized particles that can be readily dispersed in aqueous samples. Analyte partitioning between the solid and liquid phases occurs as the solid moves through the sample as a colloidal sol. By tailoring the size of the particles to approximately 250 nm in diameter, they can be readily recovered together with the analytes by simple filtration or centrifugation. Recoveries of TPT, DPT, and MPT chloride spiked matrices ranging from 89.3±2.1 to 97.1±1.3 in seawater samples (n= 9 samples). The limit of detection obtained was typically in the range of 0.5–5 ng Sn/L. The proposed method shows excellent linearity in the range of 0.5–2 ng Sn/L and good repeatability (RSD ≤ 5% at 0.02 ng TPT (as Sn)/L). The method performance is demonstrated with real seawater samples.
A new analytical procedure has been developed for the determination of triphenyltin(TPT), diphenyltin (DPT), and monophenyltin (MPT) in water samples. The method is based on the use of the dual functionalization of mesoporous silica with diol and C18 alkane groups for the collection of TPT and its derivatives, DPT and MPT, from water samples, followed by hexylation of the target matrices using the Grignard reagent and quantification by gas chromatography with pulsed flame photometric detection. The nanoscavenger concept replaces conventional solid- and liquid-phase extractants with nanosized particles that can be readily dispersed in aqueous samples. Analyte partitioning between the solid and liquid phases occurs as the solid moves through the sample as a colloidal sol. By tailoring the size of the particles to approximately 250 nm in diameter, they can be readily recovered together with the analytes by simple filtration or centrifugation. Recoveries of TPT, DPT, and MPT chloride spiked matrices ranging from 89.3±2.1 to 97.1±1.3 in seawater samples (n= 9 samples). The limit of detection obtained was typically in the range of 0.5–5 ng Sn/L. The proposed method shows excellent linearity in the range of 0.5–2 ng Sn/L and good repeatability (RSD ≤ 5% at 0.02 ng TPT (as Sn)/L). The method performance is demonstrated with real seawater samples.
A Doubly Functionalized Mesoporous Silica Nanoscavenger for the Analytical Extraction of Triphenyltin from Water
doi:10.11648/j.sjac.20130101.11
Science Journal of Analytical Chemistry
2014-01-01
© Science Publishing Group
Awad Aqeel Al-rashdi
A Doubly Functionalized Mesoporous Silica Nanoscavenger for the Analytical Extraction of Triphenyltin from Water
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© Science Publishing Group
Investigation of the Process of Biodegradation of Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Phenols by a Method of Reversed-Phase High-Efficient Liquid Chromatography
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By a method of reversed-phase high-efficient liquid chromatography (HELC) the dynamics of the process of biodegradation of monoaromatic hydrocarbons (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene) and phenols (phenol, pyrocathechin, hydroquinone, tetrachlorpyrocatechin) by bacteria isolated from coastal waters and soils of Absheron peninsula of the Caspian Sea has been investigated. It has been shown that in the selected conditions, in particular, by bacteria Pseudomonas sp. the symptoms of the products of biotransformation are appeared approximately on sixth day of the exposition. In this case a full formation of the obtained products takes place in 3-4 days and the individual compounds a composition of which remains stable during 25 days are appeared. The used method allowed to detect and to identify in composition of the products of biodegradation more than 15 individual compounds being the products of direct oxidation of aromatic ring and side chain.
By a method of reversed-phase high-efficient liquid chromatography (HELC) the dynamics of the process of biodegradation of monoaromatic hydrocarbons (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene) and phenols (phenol, pyrocathechin, hydroquinone, tetrachlorpyrocatechin) by bacteria isolated from coastal waters and soils of Absheron peninsula of the Caspian Sea has been investigated. It has been shown that in the selected conditions, in particular, by bacteria Pseudomonas sp. the symptoms of the products of biotransformation are appeared approximately on sixth day of the exposition. In this case a full formation of the obtained products takes place in 3-4 days and the individual compounds a composition of which remains stable during 25 days are appeared. The used method allowed to detect and to identify in composition of the products of biodegradation more than 15 individual compounds being the products of direct oxidation of aromatic ring and side chain.
Investigation of the Process of Biodegradation of Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Phenols by a Method of Reversed-Phase High-Efficient Liquid Chromatography
doi:10.11648/j.sjac.20130102.11
Science Journal of Analytical Chemistry
2014-01-01
© Science Publishing Group
VELIYEV MAMMAD GUSEINALI
Salmanov Mamed Ahad
Bektashi Nazim Rauf
Aliyeva Saida Rafael
Gasanova Arzu Rasul
Investigation of the Process of Biodegradation of Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Phenols by a Method of Reversed-Phase High-Efficient Liquid Chromatography
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© Science Publishing Group
Mixed Ligand Complexes of Gold (III) with Some Amino Acids and Dithiocarbamates or Dithiophosphates
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Complexes of the type [Au(L)(L-orL=)]Cl were prepared [L= deprotonated glycine (Gly), Alanine (Ala), Valine(Val) or Methionine (Met), L- = N-Methylcyclohexyldithiocarbamate(N-MeCHdtc) or Benzyldithiocarbamate(Bzdtc) anion and L= =0,0-Dipropyldithiophosphate (DiPrdtp) or 0,0- Dibenzyldithiophosphate (DiBzdtp) anion. The prepared complexes were characterized by elemental analysis, molar conductivity, IR and UV-Vis spetra, magnatic susceptibility and (1H-nmr) for some of the complexes. The gold(III) complexes were all square planar with the dithiocarbamates or dithiophosphates acted as bidentate ligands coordinated through the two sulfur atoms and the aminoacid anions coordinated through N and O except for the methionine ligand which coordinate through S and N atoms.
Complexes of the type [Au(L)(L-orL=)]Cl were prepared [L= deprotonated glycine (Gly), Alanine (Ala), Valine(Val) or Methionine (Met), L- = N-Methylcyclohexyldithiocarbamate(N-MeCHdtc) or Benzyldithiocarbamate(Bzdtc) anion and L= =0,0-Dipropyldithiophosphate (DiPrdtp) or 0,0- Dibenzyldithiophosphate (DiBzdtp) anion. The prepared complexes were characterized by elemental analysis, molar conductivity, IR and UV-Vis spetra, magnatic susceptibility and (1H-nmr) for some of the complexes. The gold(III) complexes were all square planar with the dithiocarbamates or dithiophosphates acted as bidentate ligands coordinated through the two sulfur atoms and the aminoacid anions coordinated through N and O except for the methionine ligand which coordinate through S and N atoms.
Mixed Ligand Complexes of Gold (III) with Some Amino Acids and Dithiocarbamates or Dithiophosphates
doi:10.11648/j.sjac.20130102.13
Science Journal of Analytical Chemistry
2014-01-01
© Science Publishing Group
Mikkat Zaghlool Hamdi.
Ihsan Abdulghani Mustafa
Mixed Ligand Complexes of Gold (III) with Some Amino Acids and Dithiocarbamates or Dithiophosphates
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© Science Publishing Group
Adsorption of Metals (Fe(II) , Cr(III) and Co(II)) from Aqueous Solution by Using Activated Carbon Prepared from Mesquite Tree
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Mesquite tree was use to prepare activated carbon through chemical activation method with 1 M KOH and under temperature of 600 0C for 1 hr , the product of the activated was examined for its proximate composition ; ash content (3.9%) , moisture content (3%), carbon content (40.65%) , volatile matter (25.65%) , porosity (54.95%) , iodine number of 13.22 and methylene blue value of 166.6 mg/g. XRF study on activated carbon prepared from Mesquite tree (ACM)shows different concentration of inorganic elements the major elements in the sample are Potassium (0.301%) ,Calcium (0.357%),Zinc(0.01366%) and Ferrous (0.687%).XRD analysis showed the presence of highly organized crystalline structure of raw activated carbon for ACM sample , Carbon with crystalline structure of Rhombohedral and Carbon Supplied with crystalline structure Orthorhombic and Cubic were detected. The result showed a strong and broad adsorption peak at 1577.66 cm-1, which corresponds to the lactone in ACM sample. While other strong and broad adsorption peak appeared at 1340 cm-1, which corresponds to the Phenol Aliphatic CH2 and CH3 was observed at 2920 cm-1. The kinetics of adsorption of metals Fe2+, Cr3+ and Co2+ from aqueous solution has also been investigated. The adsorption process was carried out in isothermal container at 30OC. the effect of dose of activated carbon prepared from the sample on percentage removal metals indicate that the maximum dose of adsorbent was at concentration of 0.8 g/l for sample , The contact time was in 80 min for the samples . The adsorption decreased as the pH increase the optimum pH for the adsorption was attended at 6 for ,the experimental isotherm data were analyzed using Freundlich equations. The adsorption process follows the Freundlich order kinetic, having a correlation coefficient (R2) of 0.99(Fe2+), 0.43(Cr3+) and 0.90 (Co2+).Adsorption capacity was high for Fe2+ metals compared to capacity of 3.45 and 2.616 for Cr3+ and Co+2 respectively , adsorption intensity was higher for Co2+ (9.51) than that obtained for Fe2+(2.91).
Mesquite tree was use to prepare activated carbon through chemical activation method with 1 M KOH and under temperature of 600 0C for 1 hr , the product of the activated was examined for its proximate composition ; ash content (3.9%) , moisture content (3%), carbon content (40.65%) , volatile matter (25.65%) , porosity (54.95%) , iodine number of 13.22 and methylene blue value of 166.6 mg/g. XRF study on activated carbon prepared from Mesquite tree (ACM)shows different concentration of inorganic elements the major elements in the sample are Potassium (0.301%) ,Calcium (0.357%),Zinc(0.01366%) and Ferrous (0.687%).XRD analysis showed the presence of highly organized crystalline structure of raw activated carbon for ACM sample , Carbon with crystalline structure of Rhombohedral and Carbon Supplied with crystalline structure Orthorhombic and Cubic were detected. The result showed a strong and broad adsorption peak at 1577.66 cm-1, which corresponds to the lactone in ACM sample. While other strong and broad adsorption peak appeared at 1340 cm-1, which corresponds to the Phenol Aliphatic CH2 and CH3 was observed at 2920 cm-1. The kinetics of adsorption of metals Fe2+, Cr3+ and Co2+ from aqueous solution has also been investigated. The adsorption process was carried out in isothermal container at 30OC. the effect of dose of activated carbon prepared from the sample on percentage removal metals indicate that the maximum dose of adsorbent was at concentration of 0.8 g/l for sample , The contact time was in 80 min for the samples . The adsorption decreased as the pH increase the optimum pH for the adsorption was attended at 6 for ,the experimental isotherm data were analyzed using Freundlich equations. The adsorption process follows the Freundlich order kinetic, having a correlation coefficient (R2) of 0.99(Fe2+), 0.43(Cr3+) and 0.90 (Co2+).Adsorption capacity was high for Fe2+ metals compared to capacity of 3.45 and 2.616 for Cr3+ and Co+2 respectively , adsorption intensity was higher for Co2+ (9.51) than that obtained for Fe2+(2.91).
Adsorption of Metals (Fe(II) , Cr(III) and Co(II)) from Aqueous Solution by Using Activated Carbon Prepared from Mesquite Tree
doi:10.11648/j.sjac.20130102.12
Science Journal of Analytical Chemistry
2014-01-01
© Science Publishing Group
Nazar Abdualaziz Elnasri Hamza
Almoeiz Yousif Hammad
Mohammed Abuzeid Eltayeb
Adsorption of Metals (Fe(II) , Cr(III) and Co(II)) from Aqueous Solution by Using Activated Carbon Prepared from Mesquite Tree
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© Science Publishing Group
A Study on Ninhydrin Reaction with Weak Acid Dissociable Cyanide and Its Application for Toxic Cyanide Determination
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=223&doi=10.11648/j.sjac.20140201.11
Environmental Protection Agencies impose stringent limits for weak-acid dissociable metal-cyanide complexes (WAD) content in waters. The maximum contaminant level in drinking water is as low as 50 µg/L as CN-. Hence, sensitive methods for WAD cyanide determination are strongly required. Recently, ninhydrin reaction with free cyanide has been proven as a very sensitive at 485 nm (ε = 1.2 105 L/mol.cm), fast (15 min), selective and with non-toxic reagents. In the presence of free cyanide the absorbance measurement was based on the formation of a red hydrindatin resulting from cyanide’s catalytic effect on ninhydrin at pH 10.8. This report presents the results from a study on the reaction between ninhydrin and complexed cyanide at ambient conditions. The WAD complexes: Hg(CN)42-; Ni(CN)42-; Cu(CN)43-; Ag(CN)2-; Zn(CN)42-; Cd(CN)42- are discussed. The reaction kinetic and standard curves are presented. Ligand exchange approach was applied without additional separation. Ninhydrin was showed to be selective and sensitive for direct cyanide quantification.
Environmental Protection Agencies impose stringent limits for weak-acid dissociable metal-cyanide complexes (WAD) content in waters. The maximum contaminant level in drinking water is as low as 50 µg/L as CN-. Hence, sensitive methods for WAD cyanide determination are strongly required. Recently, ninhydrin reaction with free cyanide has been proven as a very sensitive at 485 nm (ε = 1.2 105 L/mol.cm), fast (15 min), selective and with non-toxic reagents. In the presence of free cyanide the absorbance measurement was based on the formation of a red hydrindatin resulting from cyanide’s catalytic effect on ninhydrin at pH 10.8. This report presents the results from a study on the reaction between ninhydrin and complexed cyanide at ambient conditions. The WAD complexes: Hg(CN)42-; Ni(CN)42-; Cu(CN)43-; Ag(CN)2-; Zn(CN)42-; Cd(CN)42- are discussed. The reaction kinetic and standard curves are presented. Ligand exchange approach was applied without additional separation. Ninhydrin was showed to be selective and sensitive for direct cyanide quantification.
A Study on Ninhydrin Reaction with Weak Acid Dissociable Cyanide and Its Application for Toxic Cyanide Determination
doi:10.11648/j.sjac.20140201.11
Science Journal of Analytical Chemistry
2014-01-01
© Science Publishing Group
Andriana Risk Surleva
Sabina Bancila
Elena Veselinova Todorova
A Study on Ninhydrin Reaction with Weak Acid Dissociable Cyanide and Its Application for Toxic Cyanide Determination
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© Science Publishing Group
Integration of Physical, Chemical and Biological Methods for the Treatment of Palm Oil Mill Effluent
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=223&doi=10.11648/j.sjac.20140202.11
Physico-chemical properties of Palm oil mill effluent (POME) were reduced by integrating physical, chemical and biological treatments to produce high quality effluent that can be discharged into the environment without causing any trepidation. This treatment technique recorded significant percentage reduction at each stage in all the measured parameters and the percentage reduction of all the measured parameters increased from stage1 to stage 4 except nitrate-nitrogen concentration that decreased from stage 3 to stage 4. The average values of Temp (0oC), TS, BOD, COD, NO3-N, Cl, K, Zn, Fe, Ca, Mg in mg/L of the raw POME are 36.00, 84.34, 72.10, 96.66, 32.34, 120.00, 14.45, 8.14, 68.80, 13.30 and 12.43 while the percentage reduction values at the last stage of treatment are18.6%, 91.7%, 93.3%, 89.3%, 85.8%, 82.5%, 77.9%, 77.3%, 94.3%, 90.8% and 85.9% respectively. At the end of the analysis, the concentrations of the parameters after treatment were in conformity with the minimum acceptable standards of FEPA and WHO.
Physico-chemical properties of Palm oil mill effluent (POME) were reduced by integrating physical, chemical and biological treatments to produce high quality effluent that can be discharged into the environment without causing any trepidation. This treatment technique recorded significant percentage reduction at each stage in all the measured parameters and the percentage reduction of all the measured parameters increased from stage1 to stage 4 except nitrate-nitrogen concentration that decreased from stage 3 to stage 4. The average values of Temp (0oC), TS, BOD, COD, NO3-N, Cl, K, Zn, Fe, Ca, Mg in mg/L of the raw POME are 36.00, 84.34, 72.10, 96.66, 32.34, 120.00, 14.45, 8.14, 68.80, 13.30 and 12.43 while the percentage reduction values at the last stage of treatment are18.6%, 91.7%, 93.3%, 89.3%, 85.8%, 82.5%, 77.9%, 77.3%, 94.3%, 90.8% and 85.9% respectively. At the end of the analysis, the concentrations of the parameters after treatment were in conformity with the minimum acceptable standards of FEPA and WHO.
Integration of Physical, Chemical and Biological Methods for the Treatment of Palm Oil Mill Effluent
doi:10.11648/j.sjac.20140202.11
Science Journal of Analytical Chemistry
2014-05-15
© Science Publishing Group
Oyakhilome Gloria Irenosen
Adefemi Samuel Oluyemi
Akinola Olufemi Korede
Asaolu Sunday Samuel
Integration of Physical, Chemical and Biological Methods for the Treatment of Palm Oil Mill Effluent
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2014-05-15
2014-05-15
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© Science Publishing Group
Spectroscopic Determination of Some Trace Elements as Pollutants in Fruit Dates Palm and Agricultural Soils at Zilfi Province
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Some trace elements (Ag, Al, As, Bi, Cd, Co and Cr,) which could be found as pollutants in fruit dates palm and agricultural soils at Zilfi province was measured using ICP-MS. The area of study, the date palm farms found at Zilfi province, was surfed during September 2013 taking 11 samples of soil from these farms randomly. Also 11 samples of date palm fruit (fully ripe, stage of Tamer) were collected from the same farms. The pH and electric conductivity was measured to the soil samples. (ICP-MS) spectrophotometers were used to determine the concentrations of the elements in both soil and dates (washed and unwashed). The concentration of Ag in all samples was higher the Saskatchewan quality standards for soils .All soil samples were found to be contaminated with As, because all these concentrations of arsenic are more than Saskatchewan quality standards for soils (11(mg/kg)), and SQGE soil quality guideline for environmental health (17(mg/kg). All elements concentrations date fruits samples are less compared to literature elements concentrations. As general the concentrations of these elements are less in washed date samples compared to unwashed ones.
Some trace elements (Ag, Al, As, Bi, Cd, Co and Cr,) which could be found as pollutants in fruit dates palm and agricultural soils at Zilfi province was measured using ICP-MS. The area of study, the date palm farms found at Zilfi province, was surfed during September 2013 taking 11 samples of soil from these farms randomly. Also 11 samples of date palm fruit (fully ripe, stage of Tamer) were collected from the same farms. The pH and electric conductivity was measured to the soil samples. (ICP-MS) spectrophotometers were used to determine the concentrations of the elements in both soil and dates (washed and unwashed). The concentration of Ag in all samples was higher the Saskatchewan quality standards for soils .All soil samples were found to be contaminated with As, because all these concentrations of arsenic are more than Saskatchewan quality standards for soils (11(mg/kg)), and SQGE soil quality guideline for environmental health (17(mg/kg). All elements concentrations date fruits samples are less compared to literature elements concentrations. As general the concentrations of these elements are less in washed date samples compared to unwashed ones.
Spectroscopic Determination of Some Trace Elements as Pollutants in Fruit Dates Palm and Agricultural Soils at Zilfi Province
doi:10.11648/j.sjac.20140203.11
Science Journal of Analytical Chemistry
2014-08-23
© Science Publishing Group
Nawal Mahgoub Suleman
Spectroscopic Determination of Some Trace Elements as Pollutants in Fruit Dates Palm and Agricultural Soils at Zilfi Province
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2014-08-23
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http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=223&doi=10.11648/j.sjac.20140203.11
© Science Publishing Group
Analysis and Occurrences of Methoxylated Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers and Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers in Channel Catfish, Crayfish, Fish Feeds and Fishmeal from China
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PBDEs are widely used brominated flame retardant, which are increasingly reported in the environment. MeO-PBDEs are structural analogs to PBDEs, and reported as natural products and novel pollutants present in the environment. Concentrations of thirteen PBDEs and eight MeO-PBDEs in a large number of channel catfish, crayfish, fish feeds and fishmeal collected from Hubei province of China were investigated in this study. A fast isotopic dilution GC-MS method was firstly developed to simultaneously determine thirteen PBDEs and eight MeO-PBDEs in channel catfish, crayfish, fish feeds and fishmeal in this study, and especially for the first time MeO-PBDEs and PBDEs in crayfish, fish feeds and fishmeal. Pressurized liquid extraction and multi-layer silica gel column chromatography cleanup were used, and some important steps and crucial parameters were modified and intensified compared with other literatures. Besides, the conditions of GC and MS were also optimized. The limits of quantitation values of 0.25-5, 1-5 μg kg-1 wet weight in channel catfish and crayfish were calculated for PBDEs and MeO-PBDEs, respectively; so did 1-20, 4-20 μg kg-1 wet weight in fish feeds and fishmeal. In addition, good repeatability and accuracy of the whole method were achieved. The established methods were therefore suitable for the simultaneous determinations of thirteen PBDEs and eight MeO-PBDEs in these samples at trace contamination levels. Using the established methods, PBDEs or MeO-PBDEs emerged in 2 of 80 channel catfish, 1 of 80 crayfish, 6 of 60 fish feeds and 4 of 40 fishmeal, and in low-μg kg-1 wet weight for these samples.
PBDEs are widely used brominated flame retardant, which are increasingly reported in the environment. MeO-PBDEs are structural analogs to PBDEs, and reported as natural products and novel pollutants present in the environment. Concentrations of thirteen PBDEs and eight MeO-PBDEs in a large number of channel catfish, crayfish, fish feeds and fishmeal collected from Hubei province of China were investigated in this study. A fast isotopic dilution GC-MS method was firstly developed to simultaneously determine thirteen PBDEs and eight MeO-PBDEs in channel catfish, crayfish, fish feeds and fishmeal in this study, and especially for the first time MeO-PBDEs and PBDEs in crayfish, fish feeds and fishmeal. Pressurized liquid extraction and multi-layer silica gel column chromatography cleanup were used, and some important steps and crucial parameters were modified and intensified compared with other literatures. Besides, the conditions of GC and MS were also optimized. The limits of quantitation values of 0.25-5, 1-5 μg kg-1 wet weight in channel catfish and crayfish were calculated for PBDEs and MeO-PBDEs, respectively; so did 1-20, 4-20 μg kg-1 wet weight in fish feeds and fishmeal. In addition, good repeatability and accuracy of the whole method were achieved. The established methods were therefore suitable for the simultaneous determinations of thirteen PBDEs and eight MeO-PBDEs in these samples at trace contamination levels. Using the established methods, PBDEs or MeO-PBDEs emerged in 2 of 80 channel catfish, 1 of 80 crayfish, 6 of 60 fish feeds and 4 of 40 fishmeal, and in low-μg kg-1 wet weight for these samples.
Analysis and Occurrences of Methoxylated Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers and Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers in Channel Catfish, Crayfish, Fish Feeds and Fishmeal from China
doi:10.11648/j.sjac.20140203.12
Science Journal of Analytical Chemistry
2014-08-27
© Science Publishing Group
Xiaozhong Hu
Decong Hu
Hui Wang
Wei Chen
Bin Wu
Changjun Lin
Analysis and Occurrences of Methoxylated Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers and Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers in Channel Catfish, Crayfish, Fish Feeds and Fishmeal from China
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http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=223&doi=10.11648/j.sjac.20140203.12
© Science Publishing Group
Analysis of Relationship between Salinity and Top-Dying Diseases of Sundri Trees in Sundarbans, Bangladesh
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=223&doi=10.11648/j.sjac.20140204.11
At the advent of British rule in 1765, the Sundarbans forests were double their present size (Seidensticker, and Hai, 1983; Khan, 1997). Sundarbans mangroves in Asia including Bangladesh, India, and East Africa previously contained a much fuller range of species (Seidensticker, and Hai, 1983; Khan, 1997). In the Southeast Asian region, species diversity of mangroves was previously much higher (Ellison, 1998, 2000). Although, a particular class of men made a profession of collection of wood, fish, Golpata, Goran, natural beauty, oil, honey, and wax in Sundarbans (Awal, 2007), but it is facing tremendous problems (Awal, 207, 2009, 2014). But, it is now under serious threatened through human destruction, and by ecological pollution (Awal, 2007). The cause of this dieback is still not well understood unknown. The present work has investigated one of the possible factors that might be causing this top-dying, namely the concentrations of various chemical elements present in the sediments, particularly Salinity (Na), Exchangeable K, heavy metals, though other chemical parameters such as the pH, salinity, moisture content of the sediment and nutrient status were also assessed. (Awal, 2007). Na has no relationship with the amount of top-dying of Sundri trees in Sundarbans. However, a serious killer disease (top dying) of H. fomes in Sundarbans is affecting millions of the trees (Awal, 2007). The loss of H. fomes will have a major impact on the Sundarbans mangrove ecosystem, as well as lead to economic losses. A questionnaire survey was conducted among different groups of people inside and outside of Sundarbans to explore local perceptions as to the possible causes of top dying. This confirmed the increase in top-dying prevalence (Awal, 2007). Most of the elements including Salinity of soil and water studied had no significant correlation with the top dying of Heritiera fomes. However, Sn, Exchangeable K, and soil pH were significantly related, and three elements, namely Pb, Zn, Ni, were also close to significance. Sn concentration is negatively associated with top dying. Soil pH varied significantly in the different plots. Exchangeable K was positively associated with the tree diameter whether the top dying was severe or mild.
At the advent of British rule in 1765, the Sundarbans forests were double their present size (Seidensticker, and Hai, 1983; Khan, 1997). Sundarbans mangroves in Asia including Bangladesh, India, and East Africa previously contained a much fuller range of species (Seidensticker, and Hai, 1983; Khan, 1997). In the Southeast Asian region, species diversity of mangroves was previously much higher (Ellison, 1998, 2000). Although, a particular class of men made a profession of collection of wood, fish, Golpata, Goran, natural beauty, oil, honey, and wax in Sundarbans (Awal, 2007), but it is facing tremendous problems (Awal, 207, 2009, 2014). But, it is now under serious threatened through human destruction, and by ecological pollution (Awal, 2007). The cause of this dieback is still not well understood unknown. The present work has investigated one of the possible factors that might be causing this top-dying, namely the concentrations of various chemical elements present in the sediments, particularly Salinity (Na), Exchangeable K, heavy metals, though other chemical parameters such as the pH, salinity, moisture content of the sediment and nutrient status were also assessed. (Awal, 2007). Na has no relationship with the amount of top-dying of Sundri trees in Sundarbans. However, a serious killer disease (top dying) of H. fomes in Sundarbans is affecting millions of the trees (Awal, 2007). The loss of H. fomes will have a major impact on the Sundarbans mangrove ecosystem, as well as lead to economic losses. A questionnaire survey was conducted among different groups of people inside and outside of Sundarbans to explore local perceptions as to the possible causes of top dying. This confirmed the increase in top-dying prevalence (Awal, 2007). Most of the elements including Salinity of soil and water studied had no significant correlation with the top dying of Heritiera fomes. However, Sn, Exchangeable K, and soil pH were significantly related, and three elements, namely Pb, Zn, Ni, were also close to significance. Sn concentration is negatively associated with top dying. Soil pH varied significantly in the different plots. Exchangeable K was positively associated with the tree diameter whether the top dying was severe or mild.
Analysis of Relationship between Salinity and Top-Dying Diseases of Sundri Trees in Sundarbans, Bangladesh
doi:10.11648/j.sjac.20140204.11
Science Journal of Analytical Chemistry
2014-09-01
© Science Publishing Group
Awal, Mohd. Abdul
Analysis of Relationship between Salinity and Top-Dying Diseases of Sundri Trees in Sundarbans, Bangladesh
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2014-09-01
2014-09-01
10.11648/j.sjac.20140204.11
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=223&doi=10.11648/j.sjac.20140204.11
© Science Publishing Group
Determination of Some Volatile Compounds in Fruit Spirits Produced from Grapes (Vitis Vinifera L.) and Plums (Prunus domestica L.) Cultivars
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=223&doi=10.11648/j.sjac.20140204.12
Fruit spirits contain a large array of volatile compounds among which the important role from toxicological aspect besides ethanol has methanol, aliphatic esters and fusel alcohols. This study evaluates the content of ethanol, ethyl acetate, methanol, isopropyl alcohol (2-propanol), n-propyl alcohol (propan-l-ol), isobutyl alcohol (2-methylpropan-1-ol), n-butyl alcohol (1-butanol), isoamyl alcohol (3-methyl-1-butanol) and n-amyl alcohol (pentan-1-ol) in different grapes and plum brandies industrially produced at Republic of Macedonia. Gas chromatography (GC) with flame ionization detection (FID) was applied for the characterization of all investigated volatile compounds. The obtained results revealed that the highest methanol content was present in the samples of plum brandy, which is mainly due to the higher content of pectin in the raw material. The most important higher alcohols of grape and plum brandies were found to be: n-propyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol and isoamyl alcohol. In all the analyzed samples of grape and plum brandies, the most abundant was isoamyl alcohol which content ranged from 50.3 to 290.7 mg/100 mL a.a. Comparing the results with the data from the literature, it can be concluded that the concentrations of all investigated volatile compounds in the samples of grape and plum brandies are commonly acceptable.
Fruit spirits contain a large array of volatile compounds among which the important role from toxicological aspect besides ethanol has methanol, aliphatic esters and fusel alcohols. This study evaluates the content of ethanol, ethyl acetate, methanol, isopropyl alcohol (2-propanol), n-propyl alcohol (propan-l-ol), isobutyl alcohol (2-methylpropan-1-ol), n-butyl alcohol (1-butanol), isoamyl alcohol (3-methyl-1-butanol) and n-amyl alcohol (pentan-1-ol) in different grapes and plum brandies industrially produced at Republic of Macedonia. Gas chromatography (GC) with flame ionization detection (FID) was applied for the characterization of all investigated volatile compounds. The obtained results revealed that the highest methanol content was present in the samples of plum brandy, which is mainly due to the higher content of pectin in the raw material. The most important higher alcohols of grape and plum brandies were found to be: n-propyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol and isoamyl alcohol. In all the analyzed samples of grape and plum brandies, the most abundant was isoamyl alcohol which content ranged from 50.3 to 290.7 mg/100 mL a.a. Comparing the results with the data from the literature, it can be concluded that the concentrations of all investigated volatile compounds in the samples of grape and plum brandies are commonly acceptable.
Determination of Some Volatile Compounds in Fruit Spirits Produced from Grapes (Vitis Vinifera L.) and Plums (Prunus domestica L.) Cultivars
doi:10.11648/j.sjac.20140204.12
Science Journal of Analytical Chemistry
2014-09-27
© Science Publishing Group
Vesna Kostik
Biljana Gjorgeska
Bistra Angelovska
Ivona Kovacevska
Determination of Some Volatile Compounds in Fruit Spirits Produced from Grapes (Vitis Vinifera L.) and Plums (Prunus domestica L.) Cultivars
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2014-09-27
2014-09-27
10.11648/j.sjac.20140204.12
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=223&doi=10.11648/j.sjac.20140204.12
© Science Publishing Group
An Eco-Friendly Method for Extraction and Determination of Ciprofloxacin in Blood Serum and Pharmaceuticals
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=223&doi=10.11648/j.sjac.20140205.11
A method was established for the determination of ciprofloxacin hydrochloride (CIPRO) in the blood serum and pharmaceutical samples by a combination of cloud point extraction with UV-Vis spectrophotometry. The method included the formation of Fe (III) –CIPRO complex in presence of dilute H2SO4, followed the extraction of the complex by cloud point extraction using non-ionic surfactant Triton X-114. The surfactant phase extracted was dissolved in little amount of solvent and the CIPRO quantity measured spectrophotometerically at absorption maximum of 437 nm. The effect of the experimental factors which affect the CPE efficiency was optimized by classical method. The preconcentration and enrichment factors were found to be 40 and 143 fold respectively, achieving the detection limit of 0.77 μg mL-1 and linear range of 2.5-120 μg mL-1 with correlation coefficient of 0.9984, under the optimum conditions. The average recovery percentage of CIPRO was of 98.89±0.87% and the precision in the range of 1.15-2.85%. The suggested method was applied for the determination of CIPRO in the serum samples of different subjects orally administrated for two hours with Emicipro 500, in addition to drug formulations like UFEXIL® infusion and Ciprodar® tablets. The experimental values were agreed with the quoted values that stated by the manufacturer’ companies.
A method was established for the determination of ciprofloxacin hydrochloride (CIPRO) in the blood serum and pharmaceutical samples by a combination of cloud point extraction with UV-Vis spectrophotometry. The method included the formation of Fe (III) –CIPRO complex in presence of dilute H2SO4, followed the extraction of the complex by cloud point extraction using non-ionic surfactant Triton X-114. The surfactant phase extracted was dissolved in little amount of solvent and the CIPRO quantity measured spectrophotometerically at absorption maximum of 437 nm. The effect of the experimental factors which affect the CPE efficiency was optimized by classical method. The preconcentration and enrichment factors were found to be 40 and 143 fold respectively, achieving the detection limit of 0.77 μg mL-1 and linear range of 2.5-120 μg mL-1 with correlation coefficient of 0.9984, under the optimum conditions. The average recovery percentage of CIPRO was of 98.89±0.87% and the precision in the range of 1.15-2.85%. The suggested method was applied for the determination of CIPRO in the serum samples of different subjects orally administrated for two hours with Emicipro 500, in addition to drug formulations like UFEXIL® infusion and Ciprodar® tablets. The experimental values were agreed with the quoted values that stated by the manufacturer’ companies.
An Eco-Friendly Method for Extraction and Determination of Ciprofloxacin in Blood Serum and Pharmaceuticals
doi:10.11648/j.sjac.20140205.11
Science Journal of Analytical Chemistry
2014-09-30
© Science Publishing Group
Zuhair Abdul Al-Ameer Khammas
Noora Saad Mubdir
An Eco-Friendly Method for Extraction and Determination of Ciprofloxacin in Blood Serum and Pharmaceuticals
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2014-09-30
2014-09-30
10.11648/j.sjac.20140205.11
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=223&doi=10.11648/j.sjac.20140205.11
© Science Publishing Group
Kinetic Studies on the Recovery of Pb2+and UO22+ from Aqueous Solutions into Chloroform Solution of N,N’-Ethylenebis(4-Butanoyl-2,4-Dihydro-5-Methyl-2-Phenyl-3H-Pyrazol-3-Oneimine) Schiff Base
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=223&doi=10.11648/j.sjac.20140205.12
The kinetic studies on the recovery of UO22+ and Pb2+ from aqueous solutions into chloroform solution of N,N’-ethylenebis(4-butanoyl-2,4-dihydro-5-methyl-2-phenyl-3H-pyrazol-3-oneimine) schiff base H2BuEtP has been investigated and the rate of reaction found to be first order with respect to both metal ions (UO22+ and Pb2+). The rate of extraction was equally dependent on the inverse of hydrogen ion concentration for both metal ions. The rate constant Kf was equally calculated from intercepts of plots to be 0.491min-1 for UO22+ and 0.411 min-1 Pb2+ metal ions. Optimum percentage extraction of 99.714% was observed for Pb2+ metal ion at 30mins equilibration time and 98.216% for UO22+ metal ion at 20mins equilibration time. The study on mechanism of extraction for the metal ions from the aqueous phase into the organic phase showed that the formation of the first chelate ring of mono-pyrazolonato metal complex is the rate determining step which involved a slow bond-weaking effect by the bidendate H2BuEtP on the water molecule.
The kinetic studies on the recovery of UO22+ and Pb2+ from aqueous solutions into chloroform solution of N,N’-ethylenebis(4-butanoyl-2,4-dihydro-5-methyl-2-phenyl-3H-pyrazol-3-oneimine) schiff base H2BuEtP has been investigated and the rate of reaction found to be first order with respect to both metal ions (UO22+ and Pb2+). The rate of extraction was equally dependent on the inverse of hydrogen ion concentration for both metal ions. The rate constant Kf was equally calculated from intercepts of plots to be 0.491min-1 for UO22+ and 0.411 min-1 Pb2+ metal ions. Optimum percentage extraction of 99.714% was observed for Pb2+ metal ion at 30mins equilibration time and 98.216% for UO22+ metal ion at 20mins equilibration time. The study on mechanism of extraction for the metal ions from the aqueous phase into the organic phase showed that the formation of the first chelate ring of mono-pyrazolonato metal complex is the rate determining step which involved a slow bond-weaking effect by the bidendate H2BuEtP on the water molecule.
Kinetic Studies on the Recovery of Pb2+and UO22+ from Aqueous Solutions into Chloroform Solution of N,N’-Ethylenebis(4-Butanoyl-2,4-Dihydro-5-Methyl-2-Phenyl-3H-Pyrazol-3-Oneimine) Schiff Base
doi:10.11648/j.sjac.20140205.12
Science Journal of Analytical Chemistry
2014-10-17
© Science Publishing Group
Chukwu Uche John
Godwin Jackson
Onuigbo Somadina Benson
Kinetic Studies on the Recovery of Pb2+and UO22+ from Aqueous Solutions into Chloroform Solution of N,N’-Ethylenebis(4-Butanoyl-2,4-Dihydro-5-Methyl-2-Phenyl-3H-Pyrazol-3-Oneimine) Schiff Base
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2014-10-17
2014-10-17
10.11648/j.sjac.20140205.12
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=223&doi=10.11648/j.sjac.20140205.12
© Science Publishing Group
Validated Analytical Method Development of Inosine Pranobex in Drug Products by Thin Layer Chromatography
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=223&doi=10.11648/j.sjac.20140206.11
Thin layer chromatography (TLC) with densitometry has been established for the identification and the quantification of inosine pranobex in drug substance and drug products. Inosine pranobex is a combination of inosine, acetamidobenzoic acid, and dimethylaminoisopropanol. UV densitometry was performed in absorbance mode at 260 nm. The separation was carried out on aluminum sheet of silica gel 60 f 254 [chloroform - methanol- - toluene -10% ammonia solution (6:5:1: 0.1% v/v)] as mobile phase. Linearity range was found to be 1-12, 2-12, 2-20 and 2-16 µg/ml for inosine pranobex, inosine, acetamidobenzoic acid, and dimethylaminoisopropanol with the mean percentage recoveries 99.74± 1.73%, 99.88 ± 1.75%, 99.56 ±1.08%, and 99.36 ± 0.71% respectively, (Correlation coefficient r2 = 0.9998 for inosine pranobex, r2 = 0.09999 for inosine, r2 = 0.9998 for acetamidobenzoic acid and r2= 0.9998 for dimethylaminoisopropanol). The detection and quantification limits for inosine pranobex and other components are also reported. The presented method was validated according to ICH guidelines. Statistical comparison of the results was performed using Student's t-test and F-ratio at 95% confidence level, and there was no significant difference between the reference and proposed method with regard to accuracy and precision. It could be said that the validated TLC-densitometry method is suitable for the routine analysis of inosine pranobex in quantity control laboratories.
Thin layer chromatography (TLC) with densitometry has been established for the identification and the quantification of inosine pranobex in drug substance and drug products. Inosine pranobex is a combination of inosine, acetamidobenzoic acid, and dimethylaminoisopropanol. UV densitometry was performed in absorbance mode at 260 nm. The separation was carried out on aluminum sheet of silica gel 60 f 254 [chloroform - methanol- - toluene -10% ammonia solution (6:5:1: 0.1% v/v)] as mobile phase. Linearity range was found to be 1-12, 2-12, 2-20 and 2-16 µg/ml for inosine pranobex, inosine, acetamidobenzoic acid, and dimethylaminoisopropanol with the mean percentage recoveries 99.74± 1.73%, 99.88 ± 1.75%, 99.56 ±1.08%, and 99.36 ± 0.71% respectively, (Correlation coefficient r2 = 0.9998 for inosine pranobex, r2 = 0.09999 for inosine, r2 = 0.9998 for acetamidobenzoic acid and r2= 0.9998 for dimethylaminoisopropanol). The detection and quantification limits for inosine pranobex and other components are also reported. The presented method was validated according to ICH guidelines. Statistical comparison of the results was performed using Student's t-test and F-ratio at 95% confidence level, and there was no significant difference between the reference and proposed method with regard to accuracy and precision. It could be said that the validated TLC-densitometry method is suitable for the routine analysis of inosine pranobex in quantity control laboratories.
Validated Analytical Method Development of Inosine Pranobex in Drug Products by Thin Layer Chromatography
doi:10.11648/j.sjac.20140206.11
Science Journal of Analytical Chemistry
2014-11-06
© Science Publishing Group
Taghreed A. Mohamed
Validated Analytical Method Development of Inosine Pranobex in Drug Products by Thin Layer Chromatography
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66
2014-11-06
2014-11-06
10.11648/j.sjac.20140206.11
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=223&doi=10.11648/j.sjac.20140206.11
© Science Publishing Group
Adsorption Studies for the Removal Heavy Metal by Chitosan-G-Poly (Acrylicacid-Co-Acrylamide) Composite
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=223&doi=10.11648/j.sjac.20140206.12
In present research work natural bio polymer “Chitosan” was grafted onto Acrylic acid and Acrylamide and adsorption of some heavy metal studied by batch method. Synthesis of grafted chitosan supersorbent was synthesized by radical polymerization method. The adsorption of heavy metal cations, Cu(II), Cd(II), Ni(II), and Pb(II) from aqueous solution by newly-synthesized superabsorbent composite of chitosan-g-poly (acrylicacid-co-acrylamide) was investigated. The superabsorbent gel was characterized on the basis of FTIR, X-ray differation, Scanning electron Microscopy and thermal properties. The percentage adsorptions of metal ions on adsorbent were determined by batch methods using atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS). The effect of experimental parameters, such as pH, treatment time, temperature, adsorbent dose, initial metal ion concentra¬tion on the removal of metal ions was also studied. Chitosan-g-poly (acrylicacid-co-acrylamide) proved to be an effective adsorbent for the removal of different heavy metal ions from aqueous solution.
In present research work natural bio polymer “Chitosan” was grafted onto Acrylic acid and Acrylamide and adsorption of some heavy metal studied by batch method. Synthesis of grafted chitosan supersorbent was synthesized by radical polymerization method. The adsorption of heavy metal cations, Cu(II), Cd(II), Ni(II), and Pb(II) from aqueous solution by newly-synthesized superabsorbent composite of chitosan-g-poly (acrylicacid-co-acrylamide) was investigated. The superabsorbent gel was characterized on the basis of FTIR, X-ray differation, Scanning electron Microscopy and thermal properties. The percentage adsorptions of metal ions on adsorbent were determined by batch methods using atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS). The effect of experimental parameters, such as pH, treatment time, temperature, adsorbent dose, initial metal ion concentra¬tion on the removal of metal ions was also studied. Chitosan-g-poly (acrylicacid-co-acrylamide) proved to be an effective adsorbent for the removal of different heavy metal ions from aqueous solution.
Adsorption Studies for the Removal Heavy Metal by Chitosan-G-Poly (Acrylicacid-Co-Acrylamide) Composite
doi:10.11648/j.sjac.20140206.12
Science Journal of Analytical Chemistry
2014-12-23
© Science Publishing Group
Shyam R. Khairkar
Arun R. Raut
Adsorption Studies for the Removal Heavy Metal by Chitosan-G-Poly (Acrylicacid-Co-Acrylamide) Composite
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6
70
70
2014-12-23
2014-12-23
10.11648/j.sjac.20140206.12
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=223&doi=10.11648/j.sjac.20140206.12
© Science Publishing Group
Effect of Silver Nano Particle, Ferrous Sulfate and Hydrogen Peroxide on Photodgradtion of Tornasole RPe and Alizarin Yellow G
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=223&doi=10.11648/j.sjac.20150301.11
Many industries such as paper, food, cosmetics, textiles etc. use dyes in order to color their products. The presence of these dyes in water even at very low concentration is highly visible and undesirable. Color is the first contaminant to be recognized. Photodgradtion technique offers a good potential to remove color from wastewater. In the present paper these methods were employed for removal of Tornasole RPe and Alizarin yellow G and the techniques were found to be very useful and cost effective for a better removal of dye and comparison between removal dye by hydrogen peroxide, ferrous sulfate, and silver nano particle in sun light effect. We obtain 100% of degradation of dyes.
Many industries such as paper, food, cosmetics, textiles etc. use dyes in order to color their products. The presence of these dyes in water even at very low concentration is highly visible and undesirable. Color is the first contaminant to be recognized. Photodgradtion technique offers a good potential to remove color from wastewater. In the present paper these methods were employed for removal of Tornasole RPe and Alizarin yellow G and the techniques were found to be very useful and cost effective for a better removal of dye and comparison between removal dye by hydrogen peroxide, ferrous sulfate, and silver nano particle in sun light effect. We obtain 100% of degradation of dyes.
Effect of Silver Nano Particle, Ferrous Sulfate and Hydrogen Peroxide on Photodgradtion of Tornasole RPe and Alizarin Yellow G
doi:10.11648/j.sjac.20150301.11
Science Journal of Analytical Chemistry
2014-12-23
© Science Publishing Group
Sawsan Mohamed Abu El Hassan Mosa
Effect of Silver Nano Particle, Ferrous Sulfate and Hydrogen Peroxide on Photodgradtion of Tornasole RPe and Alizarin Yellow G
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5
5
2014-12-23
2014-12-23
10.11648/j.sjac.20150301.11
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=223&doi=10.11648/j.sjac.20150301.11
© Science Publishing Group
Determination of Some Selected Heavy Metals in Fish and Water Samples from Hawassa and Ziway Lakes
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=223&doi=10.11648/j.sjac.20150301.13
Samples of Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) were collected from Hawassa and Ziway Lakes during March 1-20 of 2003 E.C. The moisture content of freeze-dried body of the fish collected from six sites ranged between 62.6% and 86.6% (m/m). An optimal procedure required 12 mL mixture of HNO3, HClO4, and H2O2 (3:2:1, respectively) to mineralize powdered samples in open refluxed digestion vessels: 0.5 g of the fish body. The concentrations of 3 toxic elements in the body of the fish determined by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer varied, respectively, (mg of element/kg of fish); Cd = 0.4 - 1.85, Pb = 0.05 - 0.5 and Hg = 0.07 - 0.096. The concentration of those three heavy metals in water samples was also determined similarly by FAAS varied, respectively, as (mg of element/L of water sample); Cd = 0.06 - 0.66, Pb = 0.28 - 0.36 and Hg = 0.5 - 0.74. Application of the statistical t-test on heavy metal elements data has shown that there was a significant difference between the mean concentrations of Hg in water samples from the two Lakes. There is no significant difference between fish as well as water sample of the two lakes for the other metals.
Samples of Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) were collected from Hawassa and Ziway Lakes during March 1-20 of 2003 E.C. The moisture content of freeze-dried body of the fish collected from six sites ranged between 62.6% and 86.6% (m/m). An optimal procedure required 12 mL mixture of HNO3, HClO4, and H2O2 (3:2:1, respectively) to mineralize powdered samples in open refluxed digestion vessels: 0.5 g of the fish body. The concentrations of 3 toxic elements in the body of the fish determined by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer varied, respectively, (mg of element/kg of fish); Cd = 0.4 - 1.85, Pb = 0.05 - 0.5 and Hg = 0.07 - 0.096. The concentration of those three heavy metals in water samples was also determined similarly by FAAS varied, respectively, as (mg of element/L of water sample); Cd = 0.06 - 0.66, Pb = 0.28 - 0.36 and Hg = 0.5 - 0.74. Application of the statistical t-test on heavy metal elements data has shown that there was a significant difference between the mean concentrations of Hg in water samples from the two Lakes. There is no significant difference between fish as well as water sample of the two lakes for the other metals.
Determination of Some Selected Heavy Metals in Fish and Water Samples from Hawassa and Ziway Lakes
doi:10.11648/j.sjac.20150301.13
Science Journal of Analytical Chemistry
2015-01-30
© Science Publishing Group
Kiflom Gebremedhin
Tarekegn Berhanu
Determination of Some Selected Heavy Metals in Fish and Water Samples from Hawassa and Ziway Lakes
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16
16
2015-01-30
2015-01-30
10.11648/j.sjac.20150301.13
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=223&doi=10.11648/j.sjac.20150301.13
© Science Publishing Group
Separating a Mixture of Re (VII), Mo (VI), V (V) and W (VI) Ions Using the Thin Layer Electro-Chromatography Method on a Thin Layer of Perlite
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=223&doi=10.11648/j.sjac.20150301.12
This paper presents a new method for separating Rhenium, Molybdenum, Vanadium and Tungsten ions on a thin layer of Perlite using the thin layer -electro-chromatography method. This method is based on the combination between chromatographic forces and electric forces by applying different voltages on the separation plate for different times using several electrolytes as different mobile phase concentrations, at different applying field duarations on the process. This method also shows the possibility of using Perlite as a thin layer in this kind of separation process, which can apply in the separation of other types of biochemistry and inorganic ions This relatively simple method is cost effective.
This paper presents a new method for separating Rhenium, Molybdenum, Vanadium and Tungsten ions on a thin layer of Perlite using the thin layer -electro-chromatography method. This method is based on the combination between chromatographic forces and electric forces by applying different voltages on the separation plate for different times using several electrolytes as different mobile phase concentrations, at different applying field duarations on the process. This method also shows the possibility of using Perlite as a thin layer in this kind of separation process, which can apply in the separation of other types of biochemistry and inorganic ions This relatively simple method is cost effective.
Separating a Mixture of Re (VII), Mo (VI), V (V) and W (VI) Ions Using the Thin Layer Electro-Chromatography Method on a Thin Layer of Perlite
doi:10.11648/j.sjac.20150301.12
Science Journal of Analytical Chemistry
2015-01-30
© Science Publishing Group
Yasin Moalla
Ibrahim Ibrahim
Separating a Mixture of Re (VII), Mo (VI), V (V) and W (VI) Ions Using the Thin Layer Electro-Chromatography Method on a Thin Layer of Perlite
3
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9
9
2015-01-30
2015-01-30
10.11648/j.sjac.20150301.12
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=223&doi=10.11648/j.sjac.20150301.12
© Science Publishing Group
Assessing Physico-Chemical Parameters of Potable Water in Dhankuta Municipality of Nepal
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=223&doi=10.11648/j.sjac.20150302.11
This paper intends to describe the physico-chemical parameters and bacteriological analysis of potable water used for drinking and domestic purposes in Dhankuta municipality of Nepal. The results obtained were compared with WHO and EPA standards for drinking and recreational water. The physico-chemical parameters used to quantify the quality of drinking water were pH, alkalinity, TDS, DO, BOD, salinity, turbidity, heavy metals and anion measurements. The results of such analysis have been explained in discussion chapter of this paper and revealed tolerable to higher values as recommended by WHO standards. Total coliform and fecal coliform counts analyzed in the water samples were concluded the fecal and organic contaminations in the drinking water resources.
This paper intends to describe the physico-chemical parameters and bacteriological analysis of potable water used for drinking and domestic purposes in Dhankuta municipality of Nepal. The results obtained were compared with WHO and EPA standards for drinking and recreational water. The physico-chemical parameters used to quantify the quality of drinking water were pH, alkalinity, TDS, DO, BOD, salinity, turbidity, heavy metals and anion measurements. The results of such analysis have been explained in discussion chapter of this paper and revealed tolerable to higher values as recommended by WHO standards. Total coliform and fecal coliform counts analyzed in the water samples were concluded the fecal and organic contaminations in the drinking water resources.
Assessing Physico-Chemical Parameters of Potable Water in Dhankuta Municipality of Nepal
doi:10.11648/j.sjac.20150302.11
Science Journal of Analytical Chemistry
2015-03-15
© Science Publishing Group
Surya Dev Prasad Yadav
Kalpana Mishra
Narendra Kumar Chaudhary
Parashuram Mishra
Assessing Physico-Chemical Parameters of Potable Water in Dhankuta Municipality of Nepal
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2015-03-15
2015-03-15
10.11648/j.sjac.20150302.11
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=223&doi=10.11648/j.sjac.20150302.11
© Science Publishing Group
Laboratory Performance Evaluation in Terms of Water Analysis Through an External Quality Control
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=223&doi=10.11648/j.sjac.20150302.12
This paper presents the results of participation of Institut National des Sciences et Techniques Nucléaires-Madagascar (INSTN-Madagascar) in interlaboratory comparisons organized annually, since 2007, by Southern African Development Community WaterLab Association. The following text describes an overview of the utility of provided proficiency testing programs used as an external quality control with respect to proving consistency and reliability of water analysis at INSTN-Madagascar. Total reflection X-Ray Fluorescence spectrometry and Atomic Absorption Spectrometry are both used to measure the following trace metals: Al, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Co, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, Pb. The analysis of minor and major ions such as Cl–, F–, NO3–, SO42–, PO43–, K+, Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+ are conducted by using Ion Chromatography. To illustrate, graphical distributions of z-scores calculated from the results of water measurements are presented. During the consecutive proficiency testing rounds, INSTN-Madagascar has succeeded to have more than 80% of the values within tolerance limits on 2007, 2008, 2010, 2011, 2012 and 2013. This paper shows some of the considerations for participating to proficiency testing exercises which could be used to obtain certain value from the schemes.
This paper presents the results of participation of Institut National des Sciences et Techniques Nucléaires-Madagascar (INSTN-Madagascar) in interlaboratory comparisons organized annually, since 2007, by Southern African Development Community WaterLab Association. The following text describes an overview of the utility of provided proficiency testing programs used as an external quality control with respect to proving consistency and reliability of water analysis at INSTN-Madagascar. Total reflection X-Ray Fluorescence spectrometry and Atomic Absorption Spectrometry are both used to measure the following trace metals: Al, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Co, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, Pb. The analysis of minor and major ions such as Cl–, F–, NO3–, SO42–, PO43–, K+, Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+ are conducted by using Ion Chromatography. To illustrate, graphical distributions of z-scores calculated from the results of water measurements are presented. During the consecutive proficiency testing rounds, INSTN-Madagascar has succeeded to have more than 80% of the values within tolerance limits on 2007, 2008, 2010, 2011, 2012 and 2013. This paper shows some of the considerations for participating to proficiency testing exercises which could be used to obtain certain value from the schemes.
Laboratory Performance Evaluation in Terms of Water Analysis Through an External Quality Control
doi:10.11648/j.sjac.20150302.12
Science Journal of Analytical Chemistry
2015-04-15
© Science Publishing Group
Lucienne V. Rakotozafy
Hanitriniaina Ramaherison
Njaka N. Andriamahenina
Elise O. Rasoazanany
Herinirina N. Ravoson
Raoelina Andriambololona
Laboratory Performance Evaluation in Terms of Water Analysis Through an External Quality Control
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29
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2015-04-15
2015-04-15
10.11648/j.sjac.20150302.12
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=223&doi=10.11648/j.sjac.20150302.12
© Science Publishing Group
Phytochemistry and Antimicrobial Activity of Parthenium hysterophorus L.: A Review
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=223&doi=10.11648/j.sjac.20150303.11
Parthenium hysterophorus is the seventh noxious alien species distributed in different part of the world. This dangerous plant is known for its negative impact on biodiversity, agriculture and human being. Parthenium plant is capable of causing allergic respiratory problems, contact dermatitis, diarrhea, skin allergy, skin rashes excessive water loss, mutagenicity, both in human and livestock. There are different attempts to control parthenium weed in which most of the methods are not successful due to rapid re-infestation of the plant. Even though parthenium plant is known for its toxicity, it is traditionally used for the treatment of fevers, headaches, wounds, diabetes, diarrhea, anemia, heart troubles and malaria to list some in different part of the world. The aim of this review article is mainly to explore the chemical components and antimicrobial property of parthenium hysterophorus. In this review the effect of parthenium on environment, human being and agriculture and major controlling practices have also been summarized.
Parthenium hysterophorus is the seventh noxious alien species distributed in different part of the world. This dangerous plant is known for its negative impact on biodiversity, agriculture and human being. Parthenium plant is capable of causing allergic respiratory problems, contact dermatitis, diarrhea, skin allergy, skin rashes excessive water loss, mutagenicity, both in human and livestock. There are different attempts to control parthenium weed in which most of the methods are not successful due to rapid re-infestation of the plant. Even though parthenium plant is known for its toxicity, it is traditionally used for the treatment of fevers, headaches, wounds, diabetes, diarrhea, anemia, heart troubles and malaria to list some in different part of the world. The aim of this review article is mainly to explore the chemical components and antimicrobial property of parthenium hysterophorus. In this review the effect of parthenium on environment, human being and agriculture and major controlling practices have also been summarized.
Phytochemistry and Antimicrobial Activity of Parthenium hysterophorus L.: A Review
doi:10.11648/j.sjac.20150303.11
Science Journal of Analytical Chemistry
2015-06-25
© Science Publishing Group
Terefe Tafese Bezuneh
Phytochemistry and Antimicrobial Activity of Parthenium hysterophorus L.: A Review
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38
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2015-06-25
2015-06-25
10.11648/j.sjac.20150303.11
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=223&doi=10.11648/j.sjac.20150303.11
© Science Publishing Group
Concentration of Heavy Metals in Waste Ashes from Five Sections of a Major Incineration Ground at Maikunkele, Minna, Niger State, Nigeria
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=223&doi=10.11648/j.sjac.20150304.11
This research investigates the concentrations of some trace metals present in waste ashes collected from five different sections of a major incineration ground at Maikunkele, Minna, Niger State, Nigeria. Waste ash samples from the sites were collected and prepared using standard analytical procedures and analytical grade reagents were used for digestion. An atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS) was used for the analysis of the trace metal (Zn, Cu, Pb, Cd and Ni) content of the samples. The mean concentrations of trace metal in the ash samples differed significantly amongst sites which ranged from 34.1-104.4µg/g (Pb), 2.9-7.9µg/g (Cd), 94.6-206.7µg/g (Cu), 49.7-87.0µg/g (Ni) and 590.1-2622.0µg/g (Zn). These mean concentrations were found to exceed critical level for agricultural use at site 1 (Cd and Zn), site 2 (Cd and Zn), site 3 (Ni and Zn), site 4 (Cd, Cu, Ni and Zn) and site 5 (Cd, Cu, Ni and Zn). Further research is thus required to determine the plant-availability of these metals in the ash and to assess the wider environmental and health implications of open burning of waste as a means of producing ash for agricultural purposes.
This research investigates the concentrations of some trace metals present in waste ashes collected from five different sections of a major incineration ground at Maikunkele, Minna, Niger State, Nigeria. Waste ash samples from the sites were collected and prepared using standard analytical procedures and analytical grade reagents were used for digestion. An atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS) was used for the analysis of the trace metal (Zn, Cu, Pb, Cd and Ni) content of the samples. The mean concentrations of trace metal in the ash samples differed significantly amongst sites which ranged from 34.1-104.4µg/g (Pb), 2.9-7.9µg/g (Cd), 94.6-206.7µg/g (Cu), 49.7-87.0µg/g (Ni) and 590.1-2622.0µg/g (Zn). These mean concentrations were found to exceed critical level for agricultural use at site 1 (Cd and Zn), site 2 (Cd and Zn), site 3 (Ni and Zn), site 4 (Cd, Cu, Ni and Zn) and site 5 (Cd, Cu, Ni and Zn). Further research is thus required to determine the plant-availability of these metals in the ash and to assess the wider environmental and health implications of open burning of waste as a means of producing ash for agricultural purposes.
Concentration of Heavy Metals in Waste Ashes from Five Sections of a Major Incineration Ground at Maikunkele, Minna, Niger State, Nigeria
doi:10.11648/j.sjac.20150304.11
Science Journal of Analytical Chemistry
2015-07-17
© Science Publishing Group
Shaba Elijah Yanda
Mathew John Tsado
Tsado Amos Ndarubu
Mba Reginald Chukwuma
Concentration of Heavy Metals in Waste Ashes from Five Sections of a Major Incineration Ground at Maikunkele, Minna, Niger State, Nigeria
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42
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2015-07-17
2015-07-17
10.11648/j.sjac.20150304.11
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=223&doi=10.11648/j.sjac.20150304.11
© Science Publishing Group
Estimation of Protein in Jams, Jellies and Juices Available in Bangladesh
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=223&doi=10.11648/j.sjac.20150304.12
This paper deals with the study of protein in Jams, Jellies and Juices of different brands available in the market of Bangladesh. Fruits and fruits products are occupying a larger proportion of daily food item of modern civilized nation certainly due to their great food values. Jams, Jellies and Juices also have good food values as these are made from fruit water and sugar. The present study shows that the investigated result of Protein was found in a range of 0.04%-0.79% in jams. The highest protein content (0.79%) was found in Best food orange marmalade Jam and the lowest (0.04%) was found in Nur Apple Jam. Most of the Jellies contain small amount of protein. Protein was found in a range of 0.02% -0.06% in the present investigated Jellies. Protein is absent in Pran Apple Jelly. Protein content of juices was found in a range of 0.0% to 0.03%. The highest protein content (0.03%) was found in Pran Premium mango Juice and the lowest (0.01%) was found in Acme Premium mango Juice and Starship (Mango) Juice. Protein is absent in other four brands. Most of the people like fruits very much but in some cases a few of them don't like that of unknown cause. In that case Jam, Jelly and Juice are only the alternative source of protein in lieu of fruits. In this paper percentage of protein was determined by using biochemical methods.
This paper deals with the study of protein in Jams, Jellies and Juices of different brands available in the market of Bangladesh. Fruits and fruits products are occupying a larger proportion of daily food item of modern civilized nation certainly due to their great food values. Jams, Jellies and Juices also have good food values as these are made from fruit water and sugar. The present study shows that the investigated result of Protein was found in a range of 0.04%-0.79% in jams. The highest protein content (0.79%) was found in Best food orange marmalade Jam and the lowest (0.04%) was found in Nur Apple Jam. Most of the Jellies contain small amount of protein. Protein was found in a range of 0.02% -0.06% in the present investigated Jellies. Protein is absent in Pran Apple Jelly. Protein content of juices was found in a range of 0.0% to 0.03%. The highest protein content (0.03%) was found in Pran Premium mango Juice and the lowest (0.01%) was found in Acme Premium mango Juice and Starship (Mango) Juice. Protein is absent in other four brands. Most of the people like fruits very much but in some cases a few of them don't like that of unknown cause. In that case Jam, Jelly and Juice are only the alternative source of protein in lieu of fruits. In this paper percentage of protein was determined by using biochemical methods.
Estimation of Protein in Jams, Jellies and Juices Available in Bangladesh
doi:10.11648/j.sjac.20150304.12
Science Journal of Analytical Chemistry
2015-07-20
© Science Publishing Group
Lokonuzzaman Ahmmed
M. Nazrul Islam
M. Saidul Islam
Md. Sher Ali
Estimation of Protein in Jams, Jellies and Juices Available in Bangladesh
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2015-07-20
2015-07-20
10.11648/j.sjac.20150304.12
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=223&doi=10.11648/j.sjac.20150304.12
© Science Publishing Group
Plant, Soil and Water Pollution Due to Tannery Effluent a Case Study From Sheb Tannery, P.L.C, Wukro Tigray, Ethiopia
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=223&doi=10.11648/j.sjac.20150305.11
The effect of industrial effluent contaminated sewage water on the content of micro and potentially toxic elements in soils and potato plants was studied. The elemental composition of the sewage water changed due to the contamination from the tannery effluents. The increase in Cr was so dramatic. It increased from 2.7 mg/kg in the control soils to 14 mg/kg in soils irrigated with the contaminated water. The soils of the study area were generally light textured and there was a build up to 30 cm or lower depth. The release of wastewater into the environment polluted not only the irrigated soils but also plants growing in these irrigated soils such as potatoes and onion. Due to disposal of industrial effluents, the waste waters have higher contents of Cu by 42 times, Fe by 155, Mn by 98, Zn by 31, Al by 50, As by 4, Cr by1400 and Ni by 52 times over the tube well water We observed that the concentrations of the contaminating elements were higher in potato and onion the buildup of Cu and Zn was higher in soils than in the vegetables grown in the contaminated soils suggesting a decreased absorption by the plants. Contrary to Cu and Zn, the absorption of Cr and Ni by potato plants and its distribution in inedible non-edible parts was proportional to its build up in soil.
The effect of industrial effluent contaminated sewage water on the content of micro and potentially toxic elements in soils and potato plants was studied. The elemental composition of the sewage water changed due to the contamination from the tannery effluents. The increase in Cr was so dramatic. It increased from 2.7 mg/kg in the control soils to 14 mg/kg in soils irrigated with the contaminated water. The soils of the study area were generally light textured and there was a build up to 30 cm or lower depth. The release of wastewater into the environment polluted not only the irrigated soils but also plants growing in these irrigated soils such as potatoes and onion. Due to disposal of industrial effluents, the waste waters have higher contents of Cu by 42 times, Fe by 155, Mn by 98, Zn by 31, Al by 50, As by 4, Cr by1400 and Ni by 52 times over the tube well water We observed that the concentrations of the contaminating elements were higher in potato and onion the buildup of Cu and Zn was higher in soils than in the vegetables grown in the contaminated soils suggesting a decreased absorption by the plants. Contrary to Cu and Zn, the absorption of Cr and Ni by potato plants and its distribution in inedible non-edible parts was proportional to its build up in soil.
Plant, Soil and Water Pollution Due to Tannery Effluent a Case Study From Sheb Tannery, P.L.C, Wukro Tigray, Ethiopia
doi:10.11648/j.sjac.20150305.11
Science Journal of Analytical Chemistry
2015-07-25
© Science Publishing Group
Teklit Gebregiorgis Amabye
Plant, Soil and Water Pollution Due to Tannery Effluent a Case Study From Sheb Tannery, P.L.C, Wukro Tigray, Ethiopia
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2015-07-25
2015-07-25
10.11648/j.sjac.20150305.11
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=223&doi=10.11648/j.sjac.20150305.11
© Science Publishing Group
A Quantitative Estimation of the Amount of Sugar in Fruits Jam Available in Bangladesh
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=223&doi=10.11648/j.sjac.20150305.12
This paper deals with the study of sugar in fruits jam of different brands available in the market of Bangladesh. Sugar is a biochemical parameter. The term sugar related to total sugar, reducing sugar and non reducing sugar. Amounts of reducing sugar, non-reducing sugar and total sugar of different fruit's jams available in Bangladesh were determined. The reducing sugar content of different jams ranges from 28.00 % to 60.30 %. The highest amount of reducing sugar (60.30%) was found in Nur mixed Jam and the lowest (28.00%) in Agrokomerc Pineapple Jam. The reducing sugar content of different jams ranges from 28.00 % to 60.30 %. The highest amount of reducing sugar (60.30%) was found in Nur mixed Jam and the lowest (28.00%) in Agrokomerc Pineapple Jam. The total sugar content of different jams ranges from 38.86% to 62.53%. The highest amount of total sugar (62.53%) was found in Nur Apple Jam and the lowest amount of total sugar (38.86%) was found in Agrokomerc Pineapple Jam. Non reducing sugar content of Jams was found in range of 05.33 % to 25.17 %. The highest amount of non reducing sugar (25.17 %) was found in Best Food Orange Marmalade Jam and the lowest (05.33 %) in Nur Apple Jam. The percentage of sugar was determined by using biochemical methods.
This paper deals with the study of sugar in fruits jam of different brands available in the market of Bangladesh. Sugar is a biochemical parameter. The term sugar related to total sugar, reducing sugar and non reducing sugar. Amounts of reducing sugar, non-reducing sugar and total sugar of different fruit's jams available in Bangladesh were determined. The reducing sugar content of different jams ranges from 28.00 % to 60.30 %. The highest amount of reducing sugar (60.30%) was found in Nur mixed Jam and the lowest (28.00%) in Agrokomerc Pineapple Jam. The reducing sugar content of different jams ranges from 28.00 % to 60.30 %. The highest amount of reducing sugar (60.30%) was found in Nur mixed Jam and the lowest (28.00%) in Agrokomerc Pineapple Jam. The total sugar content of different jams ranges from 38.86% to 62.53%. The highest amount of total sugar (62.53%) was found in Nur Apple Jam and the lowest amount of total sugar (38.86%) was found in Agrokomerc Pineapple Jam. Non reducing sugar content of Jams was found in range of 05.33 % to 25.17 %. The highest amount of non reducing sugar (25.17 %) was found in Best Food Orange Marmalade Jam and the lowest (05.33 %) in Nur Apple Jam. The percentage of sugar was determined by using biochemical methods.
A Quantitative Estimation of the Amount of Sugar in Fruits Jam Available in Bangladesh
doi:10.11648/j.sjac.20150305.12
Science Journal of Analytical Chemistry
2015-07-28
© Science Publishing Group
Lokonuzzaman Ahmmed
Md. Nazrul Islam
M. Saidul Islam
A Quantitative Estimation of the Amount of Sugar in Fruits Jam Available in Bangladesh
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55
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2015-07-28
2015-07-28
10.11648/j.sjac.20150305.12
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=223&doi=10.11648/j.sjac.20150305.12
© Science Publishing Group
Study on the Pollution Levels of Trace Metals from Modjo Tannery Effluent in the Surrounding River Water and Soil
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=223&doi=10.11648/j.sjac.20150305.13
This study was conducted to assess the extent of trace metals in Modjo tannery wastewater and their levels of contamination in the vicinity of Modjo river water and agricultural soil. Samples of tannery wastewater, river water and agricultural soils have been analyzed for Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn and Cr using atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS). The result showed that the concentration of Zn and Cr metals in Modjo tannery wastewater as well as Cd, Ni and Cr in the river water sample were above the standard values of FEPA and WHO. But Pb was found below the method detection limit for both wastewater and water samples. Results of one - way ANOVA shows that variations for all selected metals in both wastewater and water samples at different sampling points were statistically significant except Cd in the river water sample. For the agricultural soil sample levels of Cd, Ni, Zn and Cr were above NEQS standard limit value. The metal contamination factor (CF) also shows that the agricultural soil was highly contaminated (CF>6) with Cd and Cr, but moderately contaminated (1<CF<3) with Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn. Very high contamination factor for Cr and Cd was observed in the agricultural soil indicating that both tannery wastewater and river water affects the quality of the soil around the tannery factory.
This study was conducted to assess the extent of trace metals in Modjo tannery wastewater and their levels of contamination in the vicinity of Modjo river water and agricultural soil. Samples of tannery wastewater, river water and agricultural soils have been analyzed for Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn and Cr using atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS). The result showed that the concentration of Zn and Cr metals in Modjo tannery wastewater as well as Cd, Ni and Cr in the river water sample were above the standard values of FEPA and WHO. But Pb was found below the method detection limit for both wastewater and water samples. Results of one - way ANOVA shows that variations for all selected metals in both wastewater and water samples at different sampling points were statistically significant except Cd in the river water sample. For the agricultural soil sample levels of Cd, Ni, Zn and Cr were above NEQS standard limit value. The metal contamination factor (CF) also shows that the agricultural soil was highly contaminated (CF>6) with Cd and Cr, but moderately contaminated (1<CF<3) with Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn. Very high contamination factor for Cr and Cd was observed in the agricultural soil indicating that both tannery wastewater and river water affects the quality of the soil around the tannery factory.
Study on the Pollution Levels of Trace Metals from Modjo Tannery Effluent in the Surrounding River Water and Soil
doi:10.11648/j.sjac.20150305.13
Science Journal of Analytical Chemistry
2015-08-31
© Science Publishing Group
Amanial Haile Reda
Study on the Pollution Levels of Trace Metals from Modjo Tannery Effluent in the Surrounding River Water and Soil
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60
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2015-08-31
2015-08-31
10.11648/j.sjac.20150305.13
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=223&doi=10.11648/j.sjac.20150305.13
© Science Publishing Group