Science Publishing Group: International Journal of Biomedical Materials Research: Table of Contents
<i> International Journal of Biomedical Materials Research (IJBMR) </i> provides a forum for the publication of scientific research and review articles. The journal publishes original full-length research papers in all areas related to the studies of the preparation, performance, and evaluation of biomaterials; the chemical, physical, toxicological, and mechanical behavior of materials in physiological environments; and the response of blood and tissues to biomaterials.Recognizing the advances in biomedical materials being made throughout the world, IJBMR is devoted to serving as a vehicle for dissemination of work conducted internationally.
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/j/ijbmr Science Publishing Group: International Journal of Biomedical Materials Research: Table of Contents
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International Journal of Biomedical Materials Research
International Journal of Biomedical Materials Research
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Investigation of The Wound Healing Effects of Chitosan on FGFR3 and VEGF Immunlocalization in Experimentally Diabetic Rats
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=221&doi=10.11648/j.ijbmr.20130101.11
Chitosan is a naturally occurring substance that stimulates correct deposition, assembly and orientation of collagen fibres in extracellular matrix components in wounds and promotes migration of inflammatory cells. Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) is one of the most important growth factors playing crucial roles in angiogenesis and wound healing. Biologically, it acts via binding to the cellular surface receptors. FGFR3 is one of the most important receptors. Therefore the aim of the present study was to investigate, histologically and histochemically, the effect of chitosan on wound healing in experimentally diabetic rats divided into four groups. When compared to the diabetic and the control groups, chitosan group had more inflammatory cells, endothelial cells, newly formed blood vessels and reticular – collagen fibres in the wound healing area from the third day of operation.Moreover, in Chitosan Group, stronger VEGF and FGFR3 immunolo-calizations were evident and all steps of wound healing process were more regular. FGFR3 antibody used in this study had been tested only on diabetic wound healing. In conclusion, we have concluded that application of chitosan was essential to accelarate wound healing process in diabetic patients
Chitosan is a naturally occurring substance that stimulates correct deposition, assembly and orientation of collagen fibres in extracellular matrix components in wounds and promotes migration of inflammatory cells. Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) is one of the most important growth factors playing crucial roles in angiogenesis and wound healing. Biologically, it acts via binding to the cellular surface receptors. FGFR3 is one of the most important receptors. Therefore the aim of the present study was to investigate, histologically and histochemically, the effect of chitosan on wound healing in experimentally diabetic rats divided into four groups. When compared to the diabetic and the control groups, chitosan group had more inflammatory cells, endothelial cells, newly formed blood vessels and reticular – collagen fibres in the wound healing area from the third day of operation.Moreover, in Chitosan Group, stronger VEGF and FGFR3 immunolo-calizations were evident and all steps of wound healing process were more regular. FGFR3 antibody used in this study had been tested only on diabetic wound healing. In conclusion, we have concluded that application of chitosan was essential to accelarate wound healing process in diabetic patients
Investigation of The Wound Healing Effects of Chitosan on FGFR3 and VEGF Immunlocalization in Experimentally Diabetic Rats
doi:10.11648/j.ijbmr.20130101.11
International Journal of Biomedical Materials Research
2014-01-01
© Science Publishing Group
Z. Deniz Sahın Inan
Serpil Unver Saraydın
Investigation of The Wound Healing Effects of Chitosan on FGFR3 and VEGF Immunlocalization in Experimentally Diabetic Rats
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8
2014-01-01
2014-01-01
10.11648/j.ijbmr.20130101.11
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=221&doi=10.11648/j.ijbmr.20130101.11
© Science Publishing Group
Mechanical Properties of Hot Curing Acrylic Resins after Reinforced with Different Kinds of Fibers
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=221&doi=10.11648/j.ijbmr.20130101.12
Background. Acrylic resins used in restorative dentistry are the most popular denture base material, because they have good optical properties and small solubility in body fluids. However their mechanical properties are limited and therefore acrylic resins require different methods of reinforcement one of which can be application of different kinds of fibers. Objectives. To investigate the effect of various fibers on the flexural properties of hot curing acrylic resins after it was broken and reconnected with cold curing material reinforced with polyethylene and glass fibers.Material and Methods. Villacryl H Plus hot curing material after curing was broken and reinforced with various unidirectional fibers to improve its resistance. The fibers' surface was pretreated with methyl methacrylate solution. Control specimens did not contain reinforced fiber. Flexural properties of reinforced acrylic resins (AFRAR) were determined in dry condition after 24 hours at 23ºC and after 28 days water immersion at 37ºC. The test was performed by a three – point bending test using Instron type 4411 tensile testing machine.Results. Flexural resistance of fiber reinforced with acrylic resin (FRAR) increased after using fiber bundle in the sample. After 28 days of water immersion polyethylene fibers had better flexural properties compared to glass fibers. It could be connected with better polyethylene resistance in water conditions. Conclusions. Unidirectional polyethylene and glass fibers, are good application in restorative dentistry and the mechanical properties of hot curing acrylic resin increase after repairing process with cold curing resin.
Background. Acrylic resins used in restorative dentistry are the most popular denture base material, because they have good optical properties and small solubility in body fluids. However their mechanical properties are limited and therefore acrylic resins require different methods of reinforcement one of which can be application of different kinds of fibers. Objectives. To investigate the effect of various fibers on the flexural properties of hot curing acrylic resins after it was broken and reconnected with cold curing material reinforced with polyethylene and glass fibers.Material and Methods. Villacryl H Plus hot curing material after curing was broken and reinforced with various unidirectional fibers to improve its resistance. The fibers' surface was pretreated with methyl methacrylate solution. Control specimens did not contain reinforced fiber. Flexural properties of reinforced acrylic resins (AFRAR) were determined in dry condition after 24 hours at 23ºC and after 28 days water immersion at 37ºC. The test was performed by a three – point bending test using Instron type 4411 tensile testing machine.Results. Flexural resistance of fiber reinforced with acrylic resin (FRAR) increased after using fiber bundle in the sample. After 28 days of water immersion polyethylene fibers had better flexural properties compared to glass fibers. It could be connected with better polyethylene resistance in water conditions. Conclusions. Unidirectional polyethylene and glass fibers, are good application in restorative dentistry and the mechanical properties of hot curing acrylic resin increase after repairing process with cold curing resin.
Mechanical Properties of Hot Curing Acrylic Resins after Reinforced with Different Kinds of Fibers
doi:10.11648/j.ijbmr.20130101.12
International Journal of Biomedical Materials Research
2014-01-01
© Science Publishing Group
Zbigniew Raszewski
Danuta Nowakowska
Mechanical Properties of Hot Curing Acrylic Resins after Reinforced with Different Kinds of Fibers
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13
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2014-01-01
2014-01-01
10.11648/j.ijbmr.20130101.12
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=221&doi=10.11648/j.ijbmr.20130101.12
© Science Publishing Group
A Comprehensive Ethnopharmacological Review on Lippia Alba M
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The present comprehensive review was conducted in the Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering of Islamic University, Kushtia, to pile up update ethno-pharmacological information of Lippia alba (Mill) that is available in different scientific literatures. L. alba, belongs to the family of verbenaceae, found everywhere in Bangladesh and it is commonly used in folk medicine to treat gastric illnesses, diarrhea, fever, asthma, malaria, and inflammation. Phytochemical analysis showed that the crude extract of fresh leaves consists of some valuable essential oils and that is found to be effective against bacteria, fungus, protozoa, and virus. The present paper also covers the taxonomy, morphology, monograph, usable parts, and distribution of this valuable medicinal plant.
The present comprehensive review was conducted in the Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering of Islamic University, Kushtia, to pile up update ethno-pharmacological information of Lippia alba (Mill) that is available in different scientific literatures. L. alba, belongs to the family of verbenaceae, found everywhere in Bangladesh and it is commonly used in folk medicine to treat gastric illnesses, diarrhea, fever, asthma, malaria, and inflammation. Phytochemical analysis showed that the crude extract of fresh leaves consists of some valuable essential oils and that is found to be effective against bacteria, fungus, protozoa, and virus. The present paper also covers the taxonomy, morphology, monograph, usable parts, and distribution of this valuable medicinal plant.
A Comprehensive Ethnopharmacological Review on Lippia Alba M
doi:10.11648/j.ijbmr.20130101.13
International Journal of Biomedical Materials Research
2014-01-01
© Science Publishing Group
Mamun-Or-Rashid A. N. M.
Sen M. K.
Jamal M. A. H. M.
Nasrin. S
A Comprehensive Ethnopharmacological Review on Lippia Alba M
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2014-01-01
2014-01-01
10.11648/j.ijbmr.20130101.13
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=221&doi=10.11648/j.ijbmr.20130101.13
© Science Publishing Group
Comparisons of Release of Several Antibiotics from Antimicrobial Polymer-Coated Allograft Bone Void Filler
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=221&doi=10.11648/j.ijbmr.20130102.11
Osteomyelitis remains a significant complication in orthopedic surgeries. Although infection rates remain steady at 1-3% for primary orthopedic surgeries, overall numbers of orthopedic procedures are increasing, corresponding to earlier and more frequent surgical intervention for an active, aging population. To address this dangerous surgical complication, degradable polycaprolactone (PCL) polymer/antibiotic solutions were coated over allograft bone void filler. Local in vitro release of ciprofloxacin, vancomycin, oxacillin, tobramycin, or rifampicin from a polymer-controlled, antibiotic-releasing bone graft void filler and monitored in vitro allowed the criterion for successful local antibiotic-releasing devices to be expanded. Although each antibiotic exhibited a different release profile based on their formulation and chemical structure, allowing the potential for engineering combinatorial therapy with microbicidal activity, bacterial killing activity in vitro was demonstrated efficacious out to a clinically relevant 8-week time point. In addition to proposing an expanded criterion for successful local antibiotic-releasing devices, this study demonstrates that allograft bone can act as a local, controlled drug release matrix in bone sites. This combination device provides osteoconductive potential in bone voids while mitigating the potential for operatively sourced opportunistic infectious complications during orthopedic repairs as well as primary and revision arthroplasties
Osteomyelitis remains a significant complication in orthopedic surgeries. Although infection rates remain steady at 1-3% for primary orthopedic surgeries, overall numbers of orthopedic procedures are increasing, corresponding to earlier and more frequent surgical intervention for an active, aging population. To address this dangerous surgical complication, degradable polycaprolactone (PCL) polymer/antibiotic solutions were coated over allograft bone void filler. Local in vitro release of ciprofloxacin, vancomycin, oxacillin, tobramycin, or rifampicin from a polymer-controlled, antibiotic-releasing bone graft void filler and monitored in vitro allowed the criterion for successful local antibiotic-releasing devices to be expanded. Although each antibiotic exhibited a different release profile based on their formulation and chemical structure, allowing the potential for engineering combinatorial therapy with microbicidal activity, bacterial killing activity in vitro was demonstrated efficacious out to a clinically relevant 8-week time point. In addition to proposing an expanded criterion for successful local antibiotic-releasing devices, this study demonstrates that allograft bone can act as a local, controlled drug release matrix in bone sites. This combination device provides osteoconductive potential in bone voids while mitigating the potential for operatively sourced opportunistic infectious complications during orthopedic repairs as well as primary and revision arthroplasties
Comparisons of Release of Several Antibiotics from Antimicrobial Polymer-Coated Allograft Bone Void Filler
doi:10.11648/j.ijbmr.20130102.11
International Journal of Biomedical Materials Research
2014-01-01
© Science Publishing Group
Benjamin D. Brooks
Sherry N. Davidoff
David W. Grainger
Amanda E. Brooks
Comparisons of Release of Several Antibiotics from Antimicrobial Polymer-Coated Allograft Bone Void Filler
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2014-01-01
2014-01-01
10.11648/j.ijbmr.20130102.11
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=221&doi=10.11648/j.ijbmr.20130102.11
© Science Publishing Group
Supercritical Synthesis of Poly (2-Dimethylaminoethyl Methacrylate)/Ferrite Nanocomposites and Online Electrochemical Monitoring of Protein Release
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=221&doi=10.11648/j.ijbmr.20140201.11
A supercritical carbon dioxide (SCC) assisted process was developed to synthesize protein supported poly (2-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate)/ferrite nanocomposites (PNCs). The process involve 2,2-azobisisobutyronitrile initiated insitu polymerization of 2-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate in presence of ferrite nanoparticles and bisacrylamide at 90±1 oC, 1200 psi over 6 hr in SCC. This was followed by subsequent loading of bovine serum albumin (BSA) as a model protein over PNCs in phosphate buffer (PBS, pH 7.4) at 1200 psi, 35±1⁰C over additional 2 hr in SCC. The formation of PNCs was ascertained through Ultra violet-visible, Fourier transform-infrared, X-ray diffraction spectra, transmission electron, atomic force microscopy and magnetometry. The developed process extends large scale production of nanomagnetic PNCs suitable as carrier for protein release applications with optimal release properties. The release of protein from PNCs under in vitro in PBS down to nanomolar range with high temporal resolution, speed and reproducibility was quantified through square wave voltammetry.
A supercritical carbon dioxide (SCC) assisted process was developed to synthesize protein supported poly (2-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate)/ferrite nanocomposites (PNCs). The process involve 2,2-azobisisobutyronitrile initiated insitu polymerization of 2-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate in presence of ferrite nanoparticles and bisacrylamide at 90±1 oC, 1200 psi over 6 hr in SCC. This was followed by subsequent loading of bovine serum albumin (BSA) as a model protein over PNCs in phosphate buffer (PBS, pH 7.4) at 1200 psi, 35±1⁰C over additional 2 hr in SCC. The formation of PNCs was ascertained through Ultra violet-visible, Fourier transform-infrared, X-ray diffraction spectra, transmission electron, atomic force microscopy and magnetometry. The developed process extends large scale production of nanomagnetic PNCs suitable as carrier for protein release applications with optimal release properties. The release of protein from PNCs under in vitro in PBS down to nanomolar range with high temporal resolution, speed and reproducibility was quantified through square wave voltammetry.
Supercritical Synthesis of Poly (2-Dimethylaminoethyl Methacrylate)/Ferrite Nanocomposites and Online Electrochemical Monitoring of Protein Release
doi:10.11648/j.ijbmr.20140201.11
International Journal of Biomedical Materials Research
2014-06-12
© Science Publishing Group
Gunjan Bisht
M. G. H. Zaidi
Supercritical Synthesis of Poly (2-Dimethylaminoethyl Methacrylate)/Ferrite Nanocomposites and Online Electrochemical Monitoring of Protein Release
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6
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2014-06-12
2014-06-12
10.11648/j.ijbmr.20140201.11
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=221&doi=10.11648/j.ijbmr.20140201.11
© Science Publishing Group
Chemical Immersion Coatings to Improve Biological Degradability of Magnesium Substrates for Potential Orthopaedic Applications
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=221&doi=10.11648/j.ijbmr.20140202.11
Historically, cobalt-chromium, stainless steel and titanium alloys have been the main principal materials used in a variety of medical procedures for load-bearing implants in the body. Magnesium and magnesium-based alloys have the potential to be used as short-term structural support during the healing process of damaged hard tissues and diseased bone. Unlike traditional biologically compatible metals, which are not biologically degradable, magnesium based alloys offer both biological degradability and biological absorbability. Despite the many advantages offered by magnesium, its rapid degradation rate in the highly aggressive and corrosive body fluid environment has severely limited its present day medical application. This article reviews the chemical immersion technique for producing calcium phosphate coatings on magnesium substrates for slowing down the degradation rate while maintaining the biological compatibility and absorbability.
Historically, cobalt-chromium, stainless steel and titanium alloys have been the main principal materials used in a variety of medical procedures for load-bearing implants in the body. Magnesium and magnesium-based alloys have the potential to be used as short-term structural support during the healing process of damaged hard tissues and diseased bone. Unlike traditional biologically compatible metals, which are not biologically degradable, magnesium based alloys offer both biological degradability and biological absorbability. Despite the many advantages offered by magnesium, its rapid degradation rate in the highly aggressive and corrosive body fluid environment has severely limited its present day medical application. This article reviews the chemical immersion technique for producing calcium phosphate coatings on magnesium substrates for slowing down the degradation rate while maintaining the biological compatibility and absorbability.
Chemical Immersion Coatings to Improve Biological Degradability of Magnesium Substrates for Potential Orthopaedic Applications
doi:10.11648/j.ijbmr.20140202.11
International Journal of Biomedical Materials Research
2014-09-23
© Science Publishing Group
Sridevi Brundavanam
Gérrard Eddy Jai Poinern
Derek Fawcett
Chemical Immersion Coatings to Improve Biological Degradability of Magnesium Substrates for Potential Orthopaedic Applications
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2014-09-23
2014-09-23
10.11648/j.ijbmr.20140202.11
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=221&doi=10.11648/j.ijbmr.20140202.11
© Science Publishing Group
Bone Banking in a Traumatologic Department: A Ten-Year Analysis
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=221&doi=10.11648/j.ijbmr.20140203.11
Background: Orthopedic and traumatologic departments have the choice of conducting an own bone bank in which grafts are prepared and stored, or purchasing costly bone grafts from professional providers. The aim of the study was to retrospectively analyse the bone bank affiliated with the traumatology department in the ten-year time period from 2001-2010. Patients and Methods: Altogether 1035 patients who underwent a primary hip replacement were included as potential donors. 632 patients were treated with a coxarthritis (CA) and 403 with a femoral neck fracture (FNF). Results: The bone donation was deferred in 731 (70,6%) and conducted in 304 (29,4%) patients. The majority of the deferrals were due to the maturity (age above 75 years) of the patients and an osteoporotic bone structure of the graft. Other reasons for deferral were a positive donor history, incomplete donation documents, and previous osteosynthesis of the proximal femur or acetabulum. The rate for exclusion was significantly higher in the FNF group, which was based on the difference of age, bone structure quality, and the non-elective setting of the operative treatment. Conclusion: In summary, bone donations from urgently hospitalised patients with a FNF have a significantly higher deferral rate than electively planned patients with CA.
Background: Orthopedic and traumatologic departments have the choice of conducting an own bone bank in which grafts are prepared and stored, or purchasing costly bone grafts from professional providers. The aim of the study was to retrospectively analyse the bone bank affiliated with the traumatology department in the ten-year time period from 2001-2010. Patients and Methods: Altogether 1035 patients who underwent a primary hip replacement were included as potential donors. 632 patients were treated with a coxarthritis (CA) and 403 with a femoral neck fracture (FNF). Results: The bone donation was deferred in 731 (70,6%) and conducted in 304 (29,4%) patients. The majority of the deferrals were due to the maturity (age above 75 years) of the patients and an osteoporotic bone structure of the graft. Other reasons for deferral were a positive donor history, incomplete donation documents, and previous osteosynthesis of the proximal femur or acetabulum. The rate for exclusion was significantly higher in the FNF group, which was based on the difference of age, bone structure quality, and the non-elective setting of the operative treatment. Conclusion: In summary, bone donations from urgently hospitalised patients with a FNF have a significantly higher deferral rate than electively planned patients with CA.
Bone Banking in a Traumatologic Department: A Ten-Year Analysis
doi:10.11648/j.ijbmr.20140203.11
International Journal of Biomedical Materials Research
2015-01-06
© Science Publishing Group
Vetter Sven Y.
Raible Carsten
Aytac Sara
Grützner Paul Alfred
Frank Christian B
Bone Banking in a Traumatologic Department: A Ten-Year Analysis
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2015-01-06
2015-01-06
10.11648/j.ijbmr.20140203.11
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=221&doi=10.11648/j.ijbmr.20140203.11
© Science Publishing Group
Considerations on the Use of Lumina-Porous® Biomaterial in Maxillary Sinus Floor
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=221&doi=10.11648/j.ijbmr.20150301.12
Maxillary sinus floor augmentation procedure, aka sinus floor lift surgery, stand out within the universe of bone reconstruction given that the maxillary sinus is a closed cavity with favorable nutrition, which enables the use of biomaterials alone. Therefore, this study aimed to report and discuss the technical and biological peculiarities of Lumina-Porous® biomaterial alone in the maxillary sinus by describing a sinus lift case which presented with little remaining bone. After the graft incorporation period two implants were installed in the grafted area to provide proper patient rehabilitation.
Maxillary sinus floor augmentation procedure, aka sinus floor lift surgery, stand out within the universe of bone reconstruction given that the maxillary sinus is a closed cavity with favorable nutrition, which enables the use of biomaterials alone. Therefore, this study aimed to report and discuss the technical and biological peculiarities of Lumina-Porous® biomaterial alone in the maxillary sinus by describing a sinus lift case which presented with little remaining bone. After the graft incorporation period two implants were installed in the grafted area to provide proper patient rehabilitation.
Considerations on the Use of Lumina-Porous® Biomaterial in Maxillary Sinus Floor
doi:10.11648/j.ijbmr.20150301.12
International Journal of Biomedical Materials Research
2015-02-25
© Science Publishing Group
Douglas Rangel Goulart
Luciana Asprino
Márcio de Moraes
Claudio Ferreira Nóia
Considerations on the Use of Lumina-Porous® Biomaterial in Maxillary Sinus Floor
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4
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2015-02-25
2015-02-25
10.11648/j.ijbmr.20150301.12
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=221&doi=10.11648/j.ijbmr.20150301.12
© Science Publishing Group
Investigation of Fatigue and Compression Strength for the PMMA Reinforced by Different System for Denture Applications
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=221&doi=10.11648/j.ijbmr.20150301.13
In the present search, attempts are made to develop the properties of PMMA resin that used for upper and lower prosthesis complete denture, by addition two different types of particles, which included: nano-hydroxyapatite (nHA) particles and micro-zirconia (ZrO2) particles that added with different volume fractions of (1%, 2% and 3%) to poly methyl methacrylate (PMMA) cold cured resin as new fluid resin as a matrix. Also woven glass fiber kind (E-glass) and woven Kevlar fiber kind (49), it were added with a fixed volume fraction of (5%) to PMMA composites. In this work the composite prosthetic dentures specimens preparation was done by using (Hand Lay-Up) method as six groups which includes: the first group consists of PMMA resin reinforced by nHA particles, the second group consists of PMMA resin reinforced by ZrO2 particles, the third group consists of (PMMA-nHA) and glass fiber layer as laminated composite , the fourth group consists of (PMMA-ZrO2) and glass fiber layer, the fifth group consists of (PMMA-nHA) and Kevlar fiber layer and the sixth group consists of (PMMA-ZrO2) and Kevlar fiber layer. The compression test result shows that the values of compression strength increased with increasing the volume fraction of (nHA and ZrO2) particles for all groups’ specimens. And the results showed the (PMMA-ZrO2) composite has greater values for compression strength. As well as the results shows that the maximum value of compression strength for hybrid laminated composite is obtained in hybrid laminated composite materials for fourth groups’ specimens (PMMA-ZrO2-5% Glass Fiber). Whereas the values of fatigue strength of hybrid laminated composite (PMMA-5% Kevlar fiber-3% nHA), it was higher than the fatigue strength of hybrid laminated composite (PMMA-5% Glass fiber-3% nHA) and the base material (Pure PMMA). The fatigue strength values at (106) loading Cycle for these specimens were (52, 38 and 15 MPa) respectively.
In the present search, attempts are made to develop the properties of PMMA resin that used for upper and lower prosthesis complete denture, by addition two different types of particles, which included: nano-hydroxyapatite (nHA) particles and micro-zirconia (ZrO2) particles that added with different volume fractions of (1%, 2% and 3%) to poly methyl methacrylate (PMMA) cold cured resin as new fluid resin as a matrix. Also woven glass fiber kind (E-glass) and woven Kevlar fiber kind (49), it were added with a fixed volume fraction of (5%) to PMMA composites. In this work the composite prosthetic dentures specimens preparation was done by using (Hand Lay-Up) method as six groups which includes: the first group consists of PMMA resin reinforced by nHA particles, the second group consists of PMMA resin reinforced by ZrO2 particles, the third group consists of (PMMA-nHA) and glass fiber layer as laminated composite , the fourth group consists of (PMMA-ZrO2) and glass fiber layer, the fifth group consists of (PMMA-nHA) and Kevlar fiber layer and the sixth group consists of (PMMA-ZrO2) and Kevlar fiber layer. The compression test result shows that the values of compression strength increased with increasing the volume fraction of (nHA and ZrO2) particles for all groups’ specimens. And the results showed the (PMMA-ZrO2) composite has greater values for compression strength. As well as the results shows that the maximum value of compression strength for hybrid laminated composite is obtained in hybrid laminated composite materials for fourth groups’ specimens (PMMA-ZrO2-5% Glass Fiber). Whereas the values of fatigue strength of hybrid laminated composite (PMMA-5% Kevlar fiber-3% nHA), it was higher than the fatigue strength of hybrid laminated composite (PMMA-5% Glass fiber-3% nHA) and the base material (Pure PMMA). The fatigue strength values at (106) loading Cycle for these specimens were (52, 38 and 15 MPa) respectively.
Investigation of Fatigue and Compression Strength for the PMMA Reinforced by Different System for Denture Applications
doi:10.11648/j.ijbmr.20150301.13
International Journal of Biomedical Materials Research
2015-03-02
© Science Publishing Group
Sihama Issa Salih
Jawad Kadhum Oleiwi
Qahtan Adnan Hamad
Investigation of Fatigue and Compression Strength for the PMMA Reinforced by Different System for Denture Applications
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13
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2015-03-02
2015-03-02
10.11648/j.ijbmr.20150301.13
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=221&doi=10.11648/j.ijbmr.20150301.13
© Science Publishing Group
He-Ne Laser Imaging Probes Premature Diabetes Mellitus
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=221&doi=10.11648/j.ijbmr.20150302.11
An empirical approach to develop a comprehensive monitoring framework to track progress of ballistic photons through glucose doped aqueous humor by two dimensional sixteen Mueller polarization matrix element images for deepening efforts in polarimetry reported. The glucose doped aqueous humor has been illuminated with a He-Ne (632.8 nm) laser in vitro measurement. The obtained transmitted Mueller polarization matrix images are strong evidence to discriminate normal glucose level, impaired fasting glycaemia (IFG), impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and diabetes mellitus.
An empirical approach to develop a comprehensive monitoring framework to track progress of ballistic photons through glucose doped aqueous humor by two dimensional sixteen Mueller polarization matrix element images for deepening efforts in polarimetry reported. The glucose doped aqueous humor has been illuminated with a He-Ne (632.8 nm) laser in vitro measurement. The obtained transmitted Mueller polarization matrix images are strong evidence to discriminate normal glucose level, impaired fasting glycaemia (IFG), impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and diabetes mellitus.
He-Ne Laser Imaging Probes Premature Diabetes Mellitus
doi:10.11648/j.ijbmr.20150302.11
International Journal of Biomedical Materials Research
2015-06-25
© Science Publishing Group
Alok Singh
Savita Singh
Pradeep Kumar Singh
N. S. Parmar
Neetu Singh
He-Ne Laser Imaging Probes Premature Diabetes Mellitus
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2015-06-25
2015-06-25
10.11648/j.ijbmr.20150302.11
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=221&doi=10.11648/j.ijbmr.20150302.11
© Science Publishing Group
Radiographic, Histologic and Mechanical Comparison of NanoFUSE® DBM and a Bioactive Glass in a Rabbit Spinal Fusion Model
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=221&doi=10.11648/j.ijbmr.20150303.11
Autologous bone has long been the gold standard for bone void fillers. However, the limited supply and morbidity associated with using autologous graft material has led to the development of many different bone graft substitutes. The use of bone graft extenders has become an essential component in a number of orthopedic applications including spinal fusion. This study compares the ability of NanoFUSE® DBM and a bioactive glass product (NovaBone Putty®) to induce spinal fusion in a rabbit model. NanoFUSE® DBM is a combination of allogeneic human bone and bioactive glass. NanoFUSE® DBM alone, and in combination with autograft, and NovaBone Putty®, were implanted in the posterior lateral intertransverse process region of the rabbit spine. The spines were evaluated for fusion at 4, 8, 12, and 24 weeks for fusion of the L4-L5 transverse processes using a total of 64 skeletally mature rabbits. Samples were evaluated by manual palpation, radiographically, histologically, and by mechanical testing. Radiographical, histological, and palpation measurements demonstrated the ability of NanoFUSE® DBM to induce new bone formation. The material in combination with autograft performed as well as autograft alone with respect to new bone formation and bridging bone at all time points with the exception of four week radiographic analyses. In addition, the combination of allogeneic human bone and bioactive glass found in NanoFUSE® DBM was observed to be superior to the bioactive glass product NovaBone Putty® in this rabbit model of spinal fusion. This in vivo study demonstrates the DBM and bioactive glass combination, NanoFUSE® DBM, could be an effective bone graft extender in posterolateral spinal fusions.
Autologous bone has long been the gold standard for bone void fillers. However, the limited supply and morbidity associated with using autologous graft material has led to the development of many different bone graft substitutes. The use of bone graft extenders has become an essential component in a number of orthopedic applications including spinal fusion. This study compares the ability of NanoFUSE® DBM and a bioactive glass product (NovaBone Putty®) to induce spinal fusion in a rabbit model. NanoFUSE® DBM is a combination of allogeneic human bone and bioactive glass. NanoFUSE® DBM alone, and in combination with autograft, and NovaBone Putty®, were implanted in the posterior lateral intertransverse process region of the rabbit spine. The spines were evaluated for fusion at 4, 8, 12, and 24 weeks for fusion of the L4-L5 transverse processes using a total of 64 skeletally mature rabbits. Samples were evaluated by manual palpation, radiographically, histologically, and by mechanical testing. Radiographical, histological, and palpation measurements demonstrated the ability of NanoFUSE® DBM to induce new bone formation. The material in combination with autograft performed as well as autograft alone with respect to new bone formation and bridging bone at all time points with the exception of four week radiographic analyses. In addition, the combination of allogeneic human bone and bioactive glass found in NanoFUSE® DBM was observed to be superior to the bioactive glass product NovaBone Putty® in this rabbit model of spinal fusion. This in vivo study demonstrates the DBM and bioactive glass combination, NanoFUSE® DBM, could be an effective bone graft extender in posterolateral spinal fusions.
Radiographic, Histologic and Mechanical Comparison of NanoFUSE® DBM and a Bioactive Glass in a Rabbit Spinal Fusion Model
doi:10.11648/j.ijbmr.20150303.11
International Journal of Biomedical Materials Research
2015-07-31
© Science Publishing Group
James F. Kirk
Gregg Ritter
Michael J. Larson
Robert C. Waters
Isaac finger
John Waters
John H. Abernethy
Dhyana Sankar
James D. Talton
Ronald R. Cobb
Radiographic, Histologic and Mechanical Comparison of NanoFUSE® DBM and a Bioactive Glass in a Rabbit Spinal Fusion Model
3
3
33
33
2015-07-31
2015-07-31
10.11648/j.ijbmr.20150303.11
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=221&doi=10.11648/j.ijbmr.20150303.11
© Science Publishing Group
Anatomical and Histological Study of the Effect of Lead on Hepatocytes of Albino Rats
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=221&doi=10.11648/j.ijbmr.20150304.11
Lead is found at low levels in Earth’s crust, mainly as lead sulfide. Lead is toxic for virtually all organs of the body and has significant debilitating effects on the nervous, renal, hepatic and hematopoietic systems. The liver is considered as one of the target organs affected by lead toxicity owing to its site of storage after exposure. Also, the liver is being one of the major organs involved in the biotransformation and detoxification of toxic substances. Absorbed lead is stored in soft tissues mainly in the liver via the portal vein, so that it is the first organ for which the histological analysis can be used to examine the morphological changes that reflect possible lead effects on somatic cells. The present study aimed to determine the structural damage in the liver by histological study and biochemical assay of liver enzyme levels. 45 rats were divided into 3 groups. Group I (control group) included 15 rats that were given distilled water by orogastric tube. Group II (experimental group) included 15 rats that were given lead acetate in a dose of 4mg/kg body weight by orogastric tube for two weeks. Group III (experimental group) included 15 rats given lead acetate by the same route and dose for four weeks. Significant increase of liver enzymes SGPT and SGOT was observed in experimental groups (group II and III). Administration of lead acetate for 2 weeks (group II) induced alteration in the hepatic architecture as evident by some of the hepatocytes appeared with acidophilic slightly vacuolated granular cytoplasm while others showed markedly vacuolated hypereosinophilic cytoplasm, Mononuclear cellular infiltration was seen in the portal tract. While in Group III, diffuse affection of the hepatic lobule was evident by extensive vacuolation of the hepatocyte cytoplasm, dark and eccentric nuclei. Others showed kayolytic nucleus, congested central vein, narrow or even obliterated blood sinusoids. The portal area revealed proliferation of bile ducts and congestion of its vessels. The hepatic architecture was disorganized with marked affection of the hepatocytes. In conclusion it was found that lead acetate is toxic to liver and this toxicity is paralleled with increased duration of exposure.
Lead is found at low levels in Earth’s crust, mainly as lead sulfide. Lead is toxic for virtually all organs of the body and has significant debilitating effects on the nervous, renal, hepatic and hematopoietic systems. The liver is considered as one of the target organs affected by lead toxicity owing to its site of storage after exposure. Also, the liver is being one of the major organs involved in the biotransformation and detoxification of toxic substances. Absorbed lead is stored in soft tissues mainly in the liver via the portal vein, so that it is the first organ for which the histological analysis can be used to examine the morphological changes that reflect possible lead effects on somatic cells. The present study aimed to determine the structural damage in the liver by histological study and biochemical assay of liver enzyme levels. 45 rats were divided into 3 groups. Group I (control group) included 15 rats that were given distilled water by orogastric tube. Group II (experimental group) included 15 rats that were given lead acetate in a dose of 4mg/kg body weight by orogastric tube for two weeks. Group III (experimental group) included 15 rats given lead acetate by the same route and dose for four weeks. Significant increase of liver enzymes SGPT and SGOT was observed in experimental groups (group II and III). Administration of lead acetate for 2 weeks (group II) induced alteration in the hepatic architecture as evident by some of the hepatocytes appeared with acidophilic slightly vacuolated granular cytoplasm while others showed markedly vacuolated hypereosinophilic cytoplasm, Mononuclear cellular infiltration was seen in the portal tract. While in Group III, diffuse affection of the hepatic lobule was evident by extensive vacuolation of the hepatocyte cytoplasm, dark and eccentric nuclei. Others showed kayolytic nucleus, congested central vein, narrow or even obliterated blood sinusoids. The portal area revealed proliferation of bile ducts and congestion of its vessels. The hepatic architecture was disorganized with marked affection of the hepatocytes. In conclusion it was found that lead acetate is toxic to liver and this toxicity is paralleled with increased duration of exposure.
Anatomical and Histological Study of the Effect of Lead on Hepatocytes of Albino Rats
doi:10.11648/j.ijbmr.20150304.11
International Journal of Biomedical Materials Research
2015-08-06
© Science Publishing Group
El Sayed Aly Mohamed Metwally
Fathia Ahmed Negm
Rania Ali Shams El-din
Eman Mohammed Nabil
Anatomical and Histological Study of the Effect of Lead on Hepatocytes of Albino Rats
3
4
45
45
2015-08-06
2015-08-06
10.11648/j.ijbmr.20150304.11
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=221&doi=10.11648/j.ijbmr.20150304.11
© Science Publishing Group
Poly (2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate) Macroporous Cryogel for Extracorporeal Medical Devices
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=221&doi=10.11648/j.ijbmr.20150304.12
Poly (2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) PHEMA monolithic cryogels were synthesized by free radical polymerization at -12°C for 18 hours and produced spongy, elastic and macroporous gel matrix. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) measured structural properties of PHEMA monolithic cryogel matrix to visualize pore morphology. Mechanical properties of PHEMA monolithic cryogel such as storage modulus, compressive modulus, and creep test were measured with Dynamic mechanical analyzer (DMA). The PHEMA monolithic cryogel matrix shows ~ 97% recovery after 70% compression of cryogel and has a compressive modulus of 1.8kPa to 8.5kPa.
Poly (2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) PHEMA monolithic cryogels were synthesized by free radical polymerization at -12°C for 18 hours and produced spongy, elastic and macroporous gel matrix. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) measured structural properties of PHEMA monolithic cryogel matrix to visualize pore morphology. Mechanical properties of PHEMA monolithic cryogel such as storage modulus, compressive modulus, and creep test were measured with Dynamic mechanical analyzer (DMA). The PHEMA monolithic cryogel matrix shows ~ 97% recovery after 70% compression of cryogel and has a compressive modulus of 1.8kPa to 8.5kPa.
Poly (2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate) Macroporous Cryogel for Extracorporeal Medical Devices
doi:10.11648/j.ijbmr.20150304.12
International Journal of Biomedical Materials Research
2015-08-20
© Science Publishing Group
Wuraola Akande
Lyuba Mikhalovska
Stuart James
Sergey Mikhalovsky
Poly (2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate) Macroporous Cryogel for Extracorporeal Medical Devices
3
4
55
55
2015-08-20
2015-08-20
10.11648/j.ijbmr.20150304.12
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=221&doi=10.11648/j.ijbmr.20150304.12
© Science Publishing Group
Affinity Binding Macroporous Monolithic Cryogel as a Matrix for Extracorporeal Apheresis Medical Devices
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=221&doi=10.11648/j.ijbmr.20150305.11
Cytapheresis is an extracorporeal separation technique widely used in medicine for elimination of specific classes of blood cells from circulating blood. It has been shown recently to have clinical efficacy in various disease states, such as leukaemia, autoimmune disorders, rheumatoid arthritis, renal allograft rejection and sickle–cell anaemia. The current study was undertaken to produce an affinity-binding column, based upon a macroporous monolithic cryogel with a structure of interconnected pores, with pore size and low flow resistance potentially suitable for use in cytapheresis. The affinity column was produced from poly (2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) PHEMA cryogels synthesized by free radical polymerization at -12°C. This study involved assessing haemolytic potential, and functionalisation of polymer matrix with biological ligands. Haemolytic potential of poly (2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) cryogel was established by measuring free haemoglobin after blood filtration through the column. The anti-human albumin (antibody) was chemically coupled to the epoxy derivatised monolithic cryogels and the binding efficiency of anti-human albumin (antibody) to the cryogel was determined. Our results show that approximately 100% of Red blood cells passed through the column with no evidence of haemolysis found in blood eluted. It was found that ~82% of human serum albumin was retained on the monolithic IgG anti-human albumin cryogel matrix. The obtained results suggest that poly (2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) monolithic cryogel is a non-haemolytic material (haemocompatible matrix) capable of functionalisation with antibody and thus can be an appropriate matrix for use in extracorporeal apheresis system.
Cytapheresis is an extracorporeal separation technique widely used in medicine for elimination of specific classes of blood cells from circulating blood. It has been shown recently to have clinical efficacy in various disease states, such as leukaemia, autoimmune disorders, rheumatoid arthritis, renal allograft rejection and sickle–cell anaemia. The current study was undertaken to produce an affinity-binding column, based upon a macroporous monolithic cryogel with a structure of interconnected pores, with pore size and low flow resistance potentially suitable for use in cytapheresis. The affinity column was produced from poly (2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) PHEMA cryogels synthesized by free radical polymerization at -12°C. This study involved assessing haemolytic potential, and functionalisation of polymer matrix with biological ligands. Haemolytic potential of poly (2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) cryogel was established by measuring free haemoglobin after blood filtration through the column. The anti-human albumin (antibody) was chemically coupled to the epoxy derivatised monolithic cryogels and the binding efficiency of anti-human albumin (antibody) to the cryogel was determined. Our results show that approximately 100% of Red blood cells passed through the column with no evidence of haemolysis found in blood eluted. It was found that ~82% of human serum albumin was retained on the monolithic IgG anti-human albumin cryogel matrix. The obtained results suggest that poly (2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) monolithic cryogel is a non-haemolytic material (haemocompatible matrix) capable of functionalisation with antibody and thus can be an appropriate matrix for use in extracorporeal apheresis system.
Affinity Binding Macroporous Monolithic Cryogel as a Matrix for Extracorporeal Apheresis Medical Devices
doi:10.11648/j.ijbmr.20150305.11
International Journal of Biomedical Materials Research
2015-09-09
© Science Publishing Group
Wuraola Akande
Lyuba Mikhalovska
Stuart James
Sergey Mikhalovsky
Affinity Binding Macroporous Monolithic Cryogel as a Matrix for Extracorporeal Apheresis Medical Devices
3
5
63
63
2015-09-09
2015-09-09
10.11648/j.ijbmr.20150305.11
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=221&doi=10.11648/j.ijbmr.20150305.11
© Science Publishing Group